Image: Day-midnightlace

Description: Studio publicity portrait of Doris Day for the 1960 film Midnight Lace.
Title: Day-midnightlace
Credit: http://www.amazon.com/Doris-Day/e/B000APWSWI
Author: Universal Pictures
Permission: Copyright details for this image are as follows: This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actress. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner on page 211 of The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001): "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary." Nancy E. Wolff, on page 55 of The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007), includes a similar explanation: "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." Film industry author Gerald Mast, on page 87 of Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989), writes: "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible." Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." Given the evidence supplied in these materials, it can be assumed that for the reasons stated above, this image is in the public domain in the United States.
Usage Terms: Public domain
License: Public domain
Attribution Required?: No