Image: Tiangong Kaiwu Chain Pumps

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Description: Two illustrations of Chinese hydraulic-powered chain pumps. The top illustration shows a horizontal waterwheel acting upon a horizontal and vertical wheel and axle that rotates a square-pallet chain pump bringing water from a stream up to the irrigation canal. The bottom illustration shows a vertical waterwheel as part of a cylinder-wheel chain pump bringing water up from a river to an irrigation canal of a crop field. These illustrations were printed in the Tiangong Kaiwu encyclopedia of 1637, written by the Ming Dynasty encyclopedist Song Yingxing (1587-1666). They can be found on pages 15 and 18 of E-tu Zen Sun and Shiou-Chuan Sun's English translation of the Tiangong Kaiwu (Pennsylvania University State Press, 1966). This image was taken from http://www.chinawater.net.cn/kjcg/CWSArticle_View.asp?CWSNewsID=17233
Title: Tiangong Kaiwu Chain Pumps
Usage Terms: Public domain
License: Public domain
Attribution Required?: No

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Water wheel

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