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List of totalitarian regimes facts for kids

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This is a list of totalitarian regimes. There are regimes that have been commonly referred to as "totalitarian", or the concept of totalitarianism has been applied to them, for which there is wide consensus among scholars to be called as such. Totalitarian regimes are usually distinguished from authoritarian regimes in the sense that totalitarianism represents an extreme version of authoritarianism. Authoritarianism primarily differs from totalitarianism in that social and economic institutions exist that are not under governmental control.

Prose

Note: Because of differing opinions about the definition of totalitarianism, and the variable nature of each regime, this article first states in prose the various opinions given by sources, even when those opinions might conflict or be at angles to each other. It is followed by a convenience table of basic facts, but the table is limited by its binary nature and can not always accurately reflect the complex and nuanced nature of the sources, which are more fully described in the prose section.

Soviet Union

According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the early Soviet Union was a "modern example" of a totalitarian state. Britannica says it was "the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism, in which the state achieved overwhelming popular support for its leadership". This contrasted with earlier totalitarian states that were imposed on the people. Totalitarianism in Russia began with the founding of the Soviet Union under Lenin, after the October Revolution of 1917. According to Britannica, "every aspect of the Soviet Union's political, economic, cultural, and intellectual life came to be regulated by the Communist Party in a strict and regimented fashion that would tolerate no opposition". According to Peter Rutland (1993), with the death of Stalin, "This was still an oppressive regime, but not a totalitarian one." This view is echoed by Igor Krupnik (1995), "The era of 'social engineering' in the Soviet Union ended with the death of Stalin in 1953 or soon after; and that was the close of the totalitarian regime itself." According to Klaus von Beyme (2014), "The Soviet Union after the death of Stalin moved from totalitarianism to authoritarian rule."

Table

Country Totalitarianism Leader(s) Ruling party/group Ideology Government Continent
Start End
Soviet Union Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1917 1953 Vladimir Lenin (1917–1924) Joseph Stalin (1924–1953) All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Marxism–Leninism
Soviet Communism
Soviet patriotism
Stalinism (after 1927)
Federal one-party socialist republic Eurasia
Fascist Italy Kingdom of Italy 1925 1943 Benito Mussolini National Fascist Party Fascism
Militarism
Ultranationalism
Corporatism
Unitary one-party constitutional monarchy Europe
Nazi Germany Greater German Reich 1933 1945 Adolf Hitler National Socialist German Workers' Party Nazism Unitary one-party Nazi fascist state Europe
Francoist Spain Spanish State 1936 1959 Francisco Franco FET y de las JONS Fascism
Falangism
National Catholicism
Anti-communism
Anti-Masonry
Unitary one-party fascist state Europe
Romania Kingdom of Romania 1940 1941 Ion Antonescu
Horia Sima
Iron Guard Clerical fascism
Monarchism
Anti-communism
Anti-semitism
Unitary one-party fascist constitutional monarchy Europe
Empire of Japan 1940 1945 Hirohito
Fumimaro Konoe
(1940–1941)
Hideki Tojo
(1941–1944)
Kuniaki Koiso
(1944–1945)
Kantarō Suzuki
(Until August 1945)
Imperial Rule Assistance Association Statism
Japanese imperialism (Hakkō ichiu, Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere)
State Shinto
Unitary one-party constitutional monarchy Asia
People's Socialist Republic of Albania 1946 1985 Enver Hoxha
(1946–1985)
Party of Labour of Albania Anti-revisionism
Hoxhaism
Marxism–Leninism
Unitary one-party republic Europe
Socialist Republic of Romania 1971 1989 Nicolae Ceaușescu Romanian Communist Party Marxism–Leninism
National Communism
Unitary one-party socialist republic Europe
North Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1948 Active Kim dynasty Workers' Party of Korea Juche
Songun
Marxism–Leninism (until 2009)
Stalinism (formerly)
Unitary one-party socialist republic Asia
China People's Republic of China 1949 1976 Mao Zedong Chinese Communist Party Chinese communism
Maoism
Marxism–Leninism
Unitary one-party socialist republic Asia
Myanmar Myanmar Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma 1962 1988 Ne Win Burma Socialist Programme Party Burmese Way to Socialism Unitary one-party socialist republic Asia
Syrian Arab Republic 1963 Active Amin al-Hafiz (1963–1966)
General Salah Jadid (1966–70)
General Hafez al-Assad (1970–2000)
Bashar al-Assad (2000–present)
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region Neo-Ba'athism
Militarism
Left-wing nationalism
Assadism
Unitary de facto one-party presidential republic (neo-Ba'athist de-jure one-party socialist republic until 2012) Asia
Equatorial Guinea Republic of Equatorial Guinea 1968 1979 Francisco Macías Nguema United National Workers' Party Ultranationalism
Anti-colonialism
Anti-intellectualism
Pan-Africanism
Unitary socialist one-party presidential republic Africa
Cambodia Democratic Kampuchea 1975 1979 Pol Pot Communist Party of Kampuchea Agrarian socialism
Khmer nationalism
Maoism
Anti-intellectualism
Unitary one-party socialist republic Asia
Iraq Iraq Iraqi Republic / Republic of Iraq 1979 2003 Saddam Hussein Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Ba'athism
Saddamism
Unitary one-party socialist republic Asia
 Turkmenistan 1991 Active Saparmurat Niyazov (1991–2006)
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (2006–2022)
Serdar Berdimuhamedow
(2022–present)
Democratic Party of Turkmenistan Nationalism
Social conservatism
Unitary presidential republic (one-party state until 2008) Asia
 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1996 2001 Mullah Omar Taliban Deobandi Islamic fundamentalism
Islamism
Pashtunwali
Religious nationalism
Unitary theocratic Islamic emirate Asia
Eritrea State of Eritrea 2001 Active Isaias Afwerki People's Front for Democracy and Justice Eritrean nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Unitary one-party presidential republic Africa
Islamic State Islamic State 2014 2019 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Islamic State (Daesh) Wahhabism
Qutbism
Salafi jihadism
Unitary Salafi Jihadist proto-state Asia
 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 2021 Active Hibatullah Akhundzada Taliban Deobandi Islamic fundamentalism
Islamism
Pashtunwali
Religious nationalism
Unitary provisional theocratic Islamic emirate Asia

List of totalitarian puppet regimes

The following is a list of puppet states of various outside states (mostly Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union), which are considered to be totalitarian.

Country Totalitarianism Leader(s) Ruling party/group Ideology Government Continent Administrative status
Start End
Mongolian People's Republic Mongolian People's Republic 1924 1953 Khorloogiin Choibalsan
(1937–1952)
Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party Marxism–Leninism
Stalinism
Unitary one-party socialist republic Asia Soviet Union Soviet satellite state
Manchukuo Empire of Manchuria 1932 1945 Zheng Xiaoxu
(1932–1935)
Zhang Jinghui
(1935–1945)
Concordia Association of Manchukuo Anti-communism
Fascism
Manchurian nationalism
Pan-Asianism
One-party constitutional monarchy Asia Japan Japanese puppet state
Slovak Republic (1939–1945) Slovak Republic 1939 1945 Jozef Tiso Slovak People’s Party Clerical fascism
Slovak nationalism
Anti-Hungarianism
Unitary one-party fascist state Europe Nazi Germany Nazi-German puppet state
Independent State of Croatia Independent State of Croatia 1941 1945 Ante Pavelić Ustaše Clerical fascism
Anti-communism
Anti-Serb sentiment
Fascist one-party state Europe Nazi Germany Nazi-German puppet state
Italian Social Republic 1943 1945 Benito Mussolini Republican Fascist Party Fascism
Militarism
Ultranationalism
Corporatism
Unitary one-party state Europe Nazi Germany Nazi-German puppet state
Hungarian People's Republic Hungarian People's Republic 1949 1953 Mátyás Rákosi Hungarian Working People's Party Marxism–Leninism
Stalinism
Unitary one-party socialist republic Europe Soviet Union Soviet satellite state
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1978 1989 Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978–1979)
Hafizullah Amin (1979)
Babrak Karmal (1979–1986)
Mohammad Najibullah (1986–1989)
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan Marxism-Leninism
Neo-Stalinism
Anti-intellectualism
Unitary one-party socialist republic Asia Soviet Union Soviet satellite state
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