List of totalitarian regimes facts for kids

This is a list of totalitarian regimes. There are regimes that have been commonly referred to as "totalitarian", or the concept of totalitarianism has been applied to them, for which there is wide consensus among scholars to be called as such. Totalitarian regimes are usually distinguished from authoritarian regimes in the sense that totalitarianism represents an extreme version of authoritarianism. Authoritarianism primarily differs from totalitarianism in that social and economic institutions exist that are not under governmental control.

Prose

Soviet Union

According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the early Soviet Union was a "modern example" of a totalitarian state. Britannica says it was "the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism, in which the state achieved overwhelming popular support for its leadership". This contrasted with earlier totalitarian states that were imposed on the people. Totalitarianism in Russia began with the founding of the Soviet Union under Lenin, after the October Revolution of 1917. According to Britannica, "every aspect of the Soviet Union's political, economic, cultural, and intellectual life came to be regulated by the Communist Party in a strict and regimented fashion that would tolerate no opposition". According to Peter Rutland (1993), with the death of Stalin, "This was still an oppressive regime, but not a totalitarian one." This view is echoed by Igor Krupnik (1995), "The era of 'social engineering' in the Soviet Union ended with the death of Stalin in 1953 or soon after; and that was the close of the totalitarian regime itself." According to Klaus von Beyme (2014), "The Soviet Union after the death of Stalin moved from totalitarianism to authoritarian rule."

Table

Country	Totalitarianism		Leader(s)	Ruling party/group	Ideology	Government	Continent
	Start	End
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	1917	1953	Vladimir Lenin (1917–1924) Joseph Stalin (1924–1953)	All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)	Marxism–Leninism Soviet Communism Soviet patriotism Stalinism (after 1927)	Federal one-party socialist republic	Eurasia
Kingdom of Italy	1925	1943	Benito Mussolini	National Fascist Party	Fascism Militarism Ultranationalism Corporatism	Unitary one-party constitutional monarchy	Europe
Greater German Reich	1933	1945	Adolf Hitler	National Socialist German Workers' Party	Nazism	Unitary one-party Nazi fascist state	Europe
Spanish State	1936	1959	Francisco Franco	FET y de las JONS	Fascism Falangism National Catholicism Anti-communism Anti-Masonry	Unitary one-party fascist state	Europe
Kingdom of Romania	1940	1941	Ion Antonescu Horia Sima	Iron Guard	Clerical fascism Monarchism Anti-communism Anti-semitism	Unitary one-party fascist constitutional monarchy	Europe
Empire of Japan	1940	1945	Hirohito Fumimaro Konoe (1940–1941) Hideki Tojo (1941–1944) Kuniaki Koiso (1944–1945) Kantarō Suzuki (Until August 1945)	Imperial Rule Assistance Association	Statism Japanese imperialism (Hakkō ichiu, Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere) State Shinto	Unitary one-party constitutional monarchy	Asia
People's Socialist Republic of Albania	1946	1985	Enver Hoxha (1946–1985)	Party of Labour of Albania	Anti-revisionism Hoxhaism Marxism–Leninism	Unitary one-party republic	Europe
Socialist Republic of Romania	1971	1989	Nicolae Ceaușescu	Romanian Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism National Communism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Europe
Democratic People's Republic of Korea	1948	Active	Kim dynasty	Workers' Party of Korea	Juche Songun Marxism–Leninism (until 2009) Stalinism (formerly)	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Asia
People's Republic of China	1949	1976	Mao Zedong	Chinese Communist Party	Chinese communism Maoism Marxism–Leninism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Asia
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma	1962	1988	Ne Win	Burma Socialist Programme Party	Burmese Way to Socialism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Asia
Syrian Arab Republic	1963	Active	Amin al-Hafiz (1963–1966) General Salah Jadid (1966–70) General Hafez al-Assad (1970–2000) Bashar al-Assad (2000–present)	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region	Neo-Ba'athism Militarism Left-wing nationalism Assadism	Unitary de facto one-party presidential republic (neo-Ba'athist de-jure one-party socialist republic until 2012)	Asia
Republic of Equatorial Guinea	1968	1979	Francisco Macías Nguema	United National Workers' Party	Ultranationalism Anti-colonialism Anti-intellectualism Pan-Africanism	Unitary socialist one-party presidential republic	Africa
Democratic Kampuchea	1975	1979	Pol Pot	Communist Party of Kampuchea	Agrarian socialism Khmer nationalism Maoism Anti-intellectualism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Asia
Iraqi Republic / Republic of Iraq	1979	2003	Saddam Hussein	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party	Ba'athism Saddamism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Asia
Turkmenistan	1991	Active	Saparmurat Niyazov (1991–2006) Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (2006–2022) Serdar Berdimuhamedow (2022–present)	Democratic Party of Turkmenistan	Nationalism Social conservatism	Unitary presidential republic (one-party state until 2008)	Asia
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	1996	2001	Mullah Omar	Taliban	Deobandi Islamic fundamentalism Islamism Pashtunwali Religious nationalism	Unitary theocratic Islamic emirate	Asia
State of Eritrea	2001	Active	Isaias Afwerki	People's Front for Democracy and Justice	Eritrean nationalism Left-wing nationalism	Unitary one-party presidential republic	Africa
Islamic State	2014	2019	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi	Islamic State (Daesh)	Wahhabism Qutbism Salafi jihadism	Unitary Salafi Jihadist proto-state	Asia
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	2021	Active	Hibatullah Akhundzada	Taliban	Deobandi Islamic fundamentalism Islamism Pashtunwali Religious nationalism	Unitary provisional theocratic Islamic emirate	Asia

List of totalitarian puppet regimes

The following is a list of puppet states of various outside states (mostly Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union), which are considered to be totalitarian.

Country	Totalitarianism		Leader(s)	Ruling party/group	Ideology	Government	Continent	Administrative status
	Start	End
Mongolian People's Republic	1924	1953	Khorloogiin Choibalsan (1937–1952)	Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party	Marxism–Leninism Stalinism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Asia	Soviet satellite state
Empire of Manchuria	1932	1945	Zheng Xiaoxu (1932–1935) Zhang Jinghui (1935–1945)	Concordia Association of Manchukuo	Anti-communism Fascism Manchurian nationalism Pan-Asianism	One-party constitutional monarchy	Asia	Japanese puppet state
Slovak Republic	1939	1945	Jozef Tiso	Slovak People’s Party	Clerical fascism Slovak nationalism Anti-Hungarianism	Unitary one-party fascist state	Europe	Nazi-German puppet state
Independent State of Croatia	1941	1945	Ante Pavelić	Ustaše	Clerical fascism Anti-communism Anti-Serb sentiment	Fascist one-party state	Europe	Nazi-German puppet state
Italian Social Republic	1943	1945	Benito Mussolini	Republican Fascist Party	Fascism Militarism Ultranationalism Corporatism	Unitary one-party state	Europe	Nazi-German puppet state
Hungarian People's Republic	1949	1953	Mátyás Rákosi	Hungarian Working People's Party	Marxism–Leninism Stalinism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Europe	Soviet satellite state
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan	1978	1989	Nur Muhammad Taraki (1978–1979) Hafizullah Amin (1979) Babrak Karmal (1979–1986) Mohammad Najibullah (1986–1989)	People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan	Marxism-Leninism Neo-Stalinism Anti-intellectualism	Unitary one-party socialist republic	Asia	Soviet satellite state