Image: Ankylosaurid skull anatomy

Description: Cranial anatomy of ankylosaurids, including terminology for ornamentation patterns. ZPAL MgD II/1, juvenile Pinacosaurus grangeri in A) dorsal and B) left lateral views, showing boundaries of cranial bones. Boundaries between cranial bones are not visible in most adult ankylosaurids. C) UALVP 31, Euoplocephalus tutus, in dorsal view. D) CMN 8530, Anodontosaurus lambei (holotype), in left lateral view. Cranial ornamentation that is subdivided into discrete polygons (rather than generalized rugosity) are referred to as caputegulae. Abbreviations: asca, anterior supraorbital caputegulum; aso, anterior supraorbital; br, break or plaster; fr, frontal; frca, frontal caputegulum; j, jugal; lac, lacrimal; laca, lacrimal caputegulum; loca, loreal caputegulum; mnca, median nasal caputegulum; msca, middle supraorbital caputegulum; mso, middle supraorbital; mx, maxilla; nar, naris; nas, nasal; nasca, nasal caputegulum; nuca, nuchal caputegulum; orb, orbit; par, parietal; pmx, premaxilla; pnca, postnarial caputegulum; poca, postocular caputegulum; porb, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; prfca, prefrontal caputegulum; psca, posterior supraorbital caputegulum; pso, posterior supraorbital; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; qjh, quadratojugal horn; snca, supranarial caputegulum; sno, supranarial ornamentation; sq, squamosal; sqh, squamosal horn.
Title: Ankylosaurid skull anatomy
Credit: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062421
Author: Victoria M. Arbour, Philip J. Currie
Usage Terms: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5
License: CC BY 2.5
License Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5
Attribution Required?: Yes