Image: Chaplin City Lights still

Description: Publicity still for Charlie Chaplin's 1931 film City Lights. The source code in the bottom right corner confirms that this was a publicity still. Such images were taken on set during filming, or as part of an organized photo-shoot, by a studio photographer. They were then disseminated to the media and the public to promote the film (see Film still). Public domain explanation It is unlikely that this image was secured with copyright protection, as stated by film industry expert Gerald Mast in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87: "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills ... Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible." If there is any chance that the photograph was copyrighted, under the terms of the 1909 Copyright Act (which was law until 1978) it would have had to be renewed 28 years after publication. Copyright renewal records for artwork in 1958 find no trace of any images from City Lights: [1]
Title: Chaplin City Lights still
Credit: www.creativelydifferentblinds.com/TVStageandFilm/CharlieChaplin/CityLights
Author: United Artists
Usage Terms: Public domain
License: Public domain
Attribution Required?: No