Image: Mary's Bath 1528 detail AQ9 (1)

Description: Detail from Coelum philosophorum, seu De secretis naturae liber / Philippo Ulstadio Patricio nierebergensi authore by Philippus Ulstadius. Argentorati : Arte et impensa Joannis Grienynger, 1528. To distill alcohol—called “the fifth essence”—from wine, Ulstad called for a balneum Mariae, or Mary’s bath, named after the ancient alchemist Mary the Jewess. A flask of wine is placed in a hot-water bath. Above, a jacket of cool water surrounds the alembic (condenser). To this day a double boiler is known as a bain-marie in French, a bagno maria in Italian, and a baño maría in Spanish.
Title: Mary's Bath 1528 detail AQ9 (1)
Credit: Chemical Heritage Foundation
Author: Ulstadius, Philippus
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