Image: Pituophis catenifer distribution

Description: Distribution map of Pituophis catenifer and subspecies. Populations in Baja California, and several islands in the Pacific and Gulf of California are the subject of conflicting and contested taxonomy that is unresolved as of 2025. The Cape Gophersnake (P. c. vertebralis) and Baja California Gophersnake (P. c. bimaris) are recognized by many as a species and subspecies: Cape Gophersnake (Pituophis vertebralis vertebralis) and Baja California Gophersnake (Pituophis vertebralis bimaris). Many insular populations have also been proposed and named in various arrangements of species and subspecies. This map is based on maps and text from the following publications – Collins, J. T., S. L. Collins, and T. W. Taggart. 2010. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Turtles in Kansas. Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC., Eagle Mountain, Utah. i-xvi, 1-312. ISBN 978-0-9720154-5-5 Grismer, L. L. 2002. Amphibians and Reptiles of Baja California, Including its Pacific Islands and the Islands in the Sea of Cortés. University of California Press. Berkeley, California. xiii, 399 pp. ISBN 0-520-22417-5 Hammerson, G. A. 1999. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado. 2nd. ed., University Press of Colorado, Niwot, Colorado. xxvi, 484 pp.ISBN 0-87081-534-2 Heimes, P. 2016. Herpetofauna Mexicana Vol. I: Snakes of Mexico. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt/ECO Publishing, Rodeo, New Mexico. 572 pp. ISBN 978-3-389973-100-2 Invalid ISBN McGinnis, Samuel M. & R. C. Stebbins. 2018. Peterson Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 4th ed. Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, New York. xi, 560 pp. ISBN 9781328715500 Lemos Espinal, J. A., H. M.. Smith, J. R. Dixon, and A. Cruz. 2015. Amphibians and Reptiles of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila, Mexico. CONABIO, Mexico D. F. 668 pp. ISBN 978-607-8328-27-7 Lemos Espinal, J. A., G. R. Smith, and A. Cruz. 2018. Amphibians and Reptiles of Nuevo León. Eco Herpetological Publishing and Distribution. Rodeo, New Mexico. x, 370 pp. ISBN 978-1-938850-25-7 Schätti, Beat, Peter Heimes, Frank Tillack, Christoph Kucharzewski, and Jonatan Torres-Pérez Coeto. 2020. Pituophis deppei (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) or a reassessment of Mexican bullsnakes (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae). Vertebrate Zoology 70(4): 483–545. |issn=1864-5755 |doi=10.26049/VZ70-4-2020-01 Sweet, Samuel S. and William S. Parker. 1990. Pituophis melanoleucus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 474.1-474.8. https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/23d6bfdc-1af1-4163-99ac-a7aa89d98d83/content

Trauth, S. E., H. W. Robison, and M. V. Plummer. 2004. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas. xviii, 421 pp. ISBN 1-55728-738-4
Author: William L. Farr
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