Richard III (disambiguation) facts for kids

Richard III of England (born 1452, died 1485) was the King of England from June 26, 1483, until his death on August 22, 1485. He was the last English king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. Richard III's life and reign are often discussed, especially because of the famous play written by William Shakespeare.

Who Was Richard III?

Richard was born at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire. He was the youngest son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. His older brother was King Edward IV. Richard grew up during a time of great conflict in England, known as the Wars of the Roses. This was a series of battles between two powerful families, the House of York (whose symbol was a white rose) and the House of Lancaster (whose symbol was a red rose).

Early Life and Family

As a young boy, Richard was trained in knighthood and warfare. He was very loyal to his brother, Edward IV. When Edward became king, he gave Richard important lands and titles. Richard became the Duke of Gloucester and was a powerful figure in northern England. He was known for being a good soldier and a fair ruler in the areas he governed.

Becoming King

After King Edward IV died in 1483, his young son, Edward V, was supposed to become king. However, Edward V was only 12 years old. Richard was named 'Lord Protector' to help rule the country until his nephew was old enough. Soon after, Edward V and his younger brother, Richard, Duke of York, were placed in the Tower of London. They were never seen again. Richard then claimed the throne for himself, saying that Edward IV's marriage was not valid. He was crowned King Richard III in July 1483.

His Time as King

Richard III's reign was short, lasting just over two years. He faced many challenges, including rebellions from people who did not support him. He tried to make good laws and improve justice in the country. For example, he set up a system to help poor people get legal help. He also tried to make trade better for England.

The Battle of Bosworth Field

Richard III's reign ended suddenly at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. He fought against Henry Tudor, who was a leader of the House of Lancaster. Richard led his army bravely into battle. He was killed during the fighting, making him the last English king to die in battle. Henry Tudor then became King Henry VII, starting the Tudor dynasty.

The Mystery of the Princes

One of the most famous and puzzling parts of Richard III's story is what happened to his two young nephews, Edward V and his brother. After they were taken to the Tower of London, they disappeared. Many people have wondered what happened to them. Some historians believe Richard III was responsible for their disappearance, while others think someone else might have been involved. It remains one of history's great unsolved mysteries.

Richard III in Culture

Richard III is a very famous character in plays and books. The most well-known is the play Richard III by William Shakespeare. This play shows Richard as a very ambitious and cunning person. While the play is a great work of literature, it's important to remember that it's a drama and not always a completely accurate historical account. Many historians have different views on Richard III's true character and actions.

See Also

• In Spanish: Ricardo III para niños