Anastasio Somoza facts for kids
The name Anastasio Somoza usually refers to members of a powerful family who ruled Nicaragua for many years. This family controlled the country's government and military for over 40 years.
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Who Were the Somozas?
The Somoza family was a political dynasty in Nicaragua. A dynasty means that power was passed down from father to son, or within the family. Three main members of the Somoza family are often mentioned:
- Anastasio Somoza García
- Anastasio Somoza Debayle
- Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero
The first two, Anastasio Somoza García and his son Anastasio Somoza Debayle, were the most important. They both served as presidents of Nicaragua, but they ruled like dictators. A dictator is a leader who has complete power over a country, often using force and not allowing people to have much say.
Anastasio Somoza García: The First Somoza Ruler
Anastasio Somoza García was born in 1896 and died in 1956. He was the first member of the Somoza family to become president of Nicaragua. He gained power by controlling the country's army, known as the National Guard.
How Somoza García Came to Power
Somoza García became the head of the National Guard in 1933. This position gave him a lot of influence. He used his power to become president in 1937. Even when he wasn't officially president, he still controlled the government through people loyal to him. He made sure that his family and friends had important jobs.
Somoza García's Rule
During his time in power, Somoza García focused on building up the economy, especially in areas that benefited his family. He owned many businesses, farms, and properties. He kept a strong grip on the country, and there was not much political freedom for ordinary citizens. His rule lasted for a long time, shaping Nicaragua's future.
The End of Somoza García's Rule
In 1956, Anastasio Somoza García was shot and later died. After his death, his sons took over the family's power and continued to rule Nicaragua.
Anastasio Somoza Debayle: The Last Somoza Ruler
Anastasio Somoza Debayle was born in 1925 and died in 1980. He was the youngest son of Anastasio Somoza García. Like his father, he also became president and ruled Nicaragua as a dictator.
Taking Over from His Brother
After his father's death, Anastasio Somoza Debayle's older brother, Luis Somoza Debayle, became president. When Luis died, Anastasio Somoza Debayle took over. He also controlled the National Guard, which was key to his power. He officially became president in 1967.
Somoza Debayle's Time in Power
Anastasio Somoza Debayle continued many of his father's policies. He maintained strict control over the country. However, many people in Nicaragua became unhappy with the Somoza family's rule. They felt that the family was too wealthy and powerful, while many ordinary people remained poor.
The Nicaraguan Revolution
During the 1970s, a group called the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) grew stronger. They fought against the Somoza government. This conflict led to a civil war known as the Nicaraguan Revolution. The fighting was intense, and many people were affected.
The End of the Somoza Dynasty
In 1979, the Sandinistas successfully overthrew Anastasio Somoza Debayle's government. He was forced to leave Nicaragua, marking the end of the Somoza family's long rule. He later died in exile in 1980.
Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero
Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero was born in 1951. He is the son of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. He did not rule Nicaragua like his father or grandfather.
See Also
In Spanish: Anastasio Somoza para niños
