Antarctic Treaty System facts for kids

The Antarctic Treaty System (often called the ATS) is a special set of rules and agreements for the continent of Antarctica. It's like a big promise signed by many countries to make sure Antarctica stays a peaceful place. This important agreement was signed in 1959 and officially started in 1961. Today, about 46 to 48 countries have agreed to follow these rules.

What is the Antarctic Treaty System?

The Antarctic Treaty System is a collection of international agreements. These agreements help manage the continent of Antarctica. They make sure that this unique icy land is used only for peaceful activities. The treaty also protects Antarctica's amazing environment and wildlife.

Why is Antarctica Special?

Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth. It is also the only continent without a permanent human population. Many countries were interested in Antarctica for different reasons. Some wanted to claim parts of it. Others wanted to use its resources. The treaty was created to prevent conflicts and protect this special place.

What are the Main Goals of the Treaty?

The main ideas behind the Antarctic Treaty System are very important. They ensure that Antarctica:

• Is used only for peaceful activities, like scientific research.
• Is protected and taken care of, especially its environment.
• Is not used for military purposes, except for peaceful support.
• Is not claimed or owned by any single country.
• Is not used for any kind of violence, like testing weapons.
• Is not exploited for its resources or for hunting animals.

How Does the Treaty Work?

The treaty makes sure that all countries work together in Antarctica. It allows scientists from different nations to share their research. This helps us learn more about our planet. The treaty also stops any country from building military bases there. It bans nuclear explosions and the disposal of radioactive waste.

Who Signed the Treaty?

The original treaty was signed by 12 countries. These were nations that had scientific activities in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958). Since then, many more countries have joined. They all agree to follow the rules and help protect Antarctica.

Protecting the Environment

One of the most important parts of the ATS is protecting Antarctica's environment. There are strict rules about waste disposal and preventing pollution. For example, dumping waste into the ocean is now completely forbidden. This helps keep the continent clean for its unique animals, like penguins and seals.

Images for kids

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  A satellite composite image of Antarctica

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  Disposal of waste by simply dumping it at the shoreline, as pictured at the Russian Bellingshausen Station on King George Island in 1992, is no longer permitted by the Protocol on Environmental Protection

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  This 1959 cover commemorated the opening of the Wilkes post office in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

See also

In Spanish: Tratado Antártico para niños