G.I. American universities facts for kids
After World War II ended in Europe in 1945, many American soldiers, sailors, and airmen were waiting to go home. The U.S. Army wanted to help them get ready for civilian life. So, they decided to create special universities overseas. These schools would help service members learn new skills or prepare for college back in the United States. It was a way to make the change from military life to home life smoother.
Three main university campuses were set up. They were in Biarritz, France; Shrivenham, England; and Florence, Italy. Students usually attended for just one term, which was a short period of study. At these universities, everyone was treated equally. Officers and enlisted personnel studied side-by-side, without their military ranks mattering.
Florence American University: Learning in Italy
The very first American university for service members opened in June 1945. It was located in Florence, Italy, at the School of Aeronautics. This university helped many soldiers. About 7,500 soldier-students attended classes there. They went through four one-month study periods. The university operated from July to November 1945.
Biarritz American University: A Busy Campus in France
The Biarritz American University (BAU) was a very active place. It was led by General Samuel L. McCroskey. In Biarritz, France, old hotels and casinos were turned into classrooms and living spaces. This university opened on August 10, 1945. About 10,000 students attended at least one eight-week term.
BAU was the longest-running of these special universities. It had a big effect on both the teachers and the students. It also helped the local community in Biarritz. The school offered many subjects, just like a regular university in the U.S. Students could join many groups and activities. They formed a full symphony orchestra and a choir. There was also a theater group and two basketball teams.
Students even helped the community. An engineering class rebuilt a local hotel. The journalism program published a daily newspaper. The theater group performed plays for children in orphanages and for patients in hospitals. For many, BAU was a step back to a normal life. It helped them prepare for their future after the war. The university closed in March 1946, after three successful terms.
Shrivenham American University: Studying in England
Another important university was in Shrivenham, England. General C. M. Thiele was in charge there. A British Army Camp near Swindon was changed into a university campus. This university also had two successful terms. About 4,000 students attended each term. The Shrivenham American University closed in December 1945.
