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Image: New mandarin duck formation

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Description: Qi Jiguang's 'new mandarin duck formation.' This modified formation was created to suit the conditions of North China where the primary opponents were mobile horse riding nomads. Due to their high mobility, firearms were not heavily emphasized and only two men wielded firearms: a matchlock and a tiller gun. Except for the squad leader, the archer, the rest stand ready to engage in melee combat.
Title: New mandarin duck formation
Credit: Great Ming Military, scan from " the training manuals found in 'Ji Xiao Xin Shu (《紀效新書》)'"
Author: 春秋戰國
Usage Terms: Public domain
License: Public domain
Attribution Required?: No

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