Image: Prototype synthetic quartz autoclave 1959

Description: R. A. Sullivan and R. A. Ladice examining synthetic quartz crystals grown in the autoclave shown in Western Electric's pilot hydrothermal quartz plant in North Andover, Massachussetts in 1959. Until WW2, quartz crystals used in electronic equipment were natural crystals, mined in Brazil. Shortages due to military demand for quartz led to postwar efforts to culture synthetic quartz crystals. AT&T's Bell Labs first developed a process that was capable of industrial production, growing quartz crystals at high pressure and temperature in the autoclave shown. By the 1970s virtually all quartz used in the electronics industry was synthetic.
Title: Prototype synthetic quartz autoclave 1959
Credit: Retrieved August 3, 2014 from Radio and Television News magazine, Ziff-Davis Publishing Co., Chicago, Vol. 61, No. 3, March 1959, p. 120 on American Radio History site
Author: Unknown author
Permission: This 1959 issue of Radio and Television News magazine would have the copyright renewed in 1987. Online page scans of the Catalog of Copyright Entries, published by the US Copyright Office can be found here. [1] Search of the Renewals for Periodicals for 1978 to present show no renewal entries for Radio and Television News. Therefore the magazine's copyright was not renewed and it is in the public domain.
Usage Terms: Public domain
License: Public domain
Attribution Required?: No