Image: Stratford Seal
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Stratford_Seal.jpg (187 × 185 pixels, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Title: Stratford Seal
Credit: https://stratfordnj.org/
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Usage Terms: Fair use of copyrighted material in the context of Stratford, New Jersey
License: Fair use
License Link: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stratford_Seal.jpg
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