Tracking (education) facts for kids

Tracking is a way schools organize students into different groups based on how well they learn. Imagine students with different skills – some learn quickly, some need more time. Tracking puts these students into separate classes or programs. These programs might be for students going to college, or for those learning a specific job skill.

Some teachers think tracking helps them teach better because everyone in the class is at a similar level. But others believe it's not a fair system. Once a student is placed in a certain group, it can be hard to move to a higher one. Sometimes, these placements might not be fair to everyone, like if they are based on a student's background instead of their actual abilities. Many teachers say that the United States uses tracking more than other countries.

Today, most schools try not to use the word "tracking." Instead, they often use the term "ability grouping." This is similar, but it's usually more flexible. With ability grouping, students might be in a high-level math group but a regular English group. The next year, their groups might change again. So, while "tracking" sounds permanent, "ability grouping" is more about changing groups as students grow and learn.

What is School Tracking?

School tracking is a system where students are sorted into different learning paths. These paths are often called "tracks." Students are placed into these tracks based on their academic skills. For example, some students might be on a "college-bound" track. Others might be on a "vocational" track, which prepares them for specific jobs.

How Does Ability Grouping Work?

Ability grouping is a more flexible way to organize students. Instead of a fixed "track," students are grouped by their skills for different subjects. A student might be in an advanced math class. But for reading, they might be in a regular class. These groups can change often. This means students aren't stuck in one group for years. It allows schools to adjust to how students are learning.

Why Do Schools Use These Systems?

Schools use tracking or ability grouping for several reasons. Some educators believe it helps teachers focus their lessons. If all students in a class learn at a similar pace, it can be easier to teach. This might mean faster learners can move ahead quickly. Students who need more help can get extra support.

However, there are also concerns about these systems. Some people worry that once a student is in a lower group, it's hard to move up. This can make students feel less confident. It might also limit their future choices. For example, a student in a vocational track might find it harder to switch to a college-bound track later on.

Working Together: Cooperative Learning

Besides sorting students by ability, there's another way to help everyone learn. This method is called cooperative learning. It involves putting students of different skill levels together. They work in small groups on projects or assignments.

Benefits of Cooperative Learning

In cooperative learning, students help each other. Stronger students can explain ideas to those who are struggling. Students learn to take responsibility for their own learning. They also learn to support their group members. This teamwork can make students proud of their own work and the group's success.

Cooperative learning can also lead to better grades for many students. It helps create a more friendly classroom where everyone feels included. When students from different backgrounds work together, they learn to understand and respect each other. This can make classrooms feel more welcoming for everyone.