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Against a dwarf facts for kids

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BL Harleian 585 f 130r Lacnunga incipit
First page of Lacnunga, in which the charms are recorded.

Three Anglo-Saxon metrical charms "Against a dwarf" (Old English: Ƿið dƿeorh) are contained within the Lacnunga, which seek to heal an afflicted person by ridding them of a dwarf.

Charms

Remedies LXXXVIIc and LXXXVIIIc

The remedies LXXXVIIc and LXXXVIIIc consist of writing Christian symbols, such as crosses and both Latin and Greek letters, along the arms of the sick person. This is then followed by mixing grated celandine with ale and invoking the names of saints, including the Welsh Saint Macutus.

Remedy XCIIIb

Remedy XCIIIb is the most detailed of the Ƿið Dƿeorh charms, consisting of writing the names of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus on Communion wafers before reciting a galdor:


Wið dweorh: man sceal niman .VII. lytle oflætan swylce man mid ofrað ⁊ wri[t]an þas naman on ælcre oflætan: maximianus malchus. iohannes. Martinianus. dionisius. con-stantinus. serafion. þænne eft þæt galdor þæt [man] her æfter cweð[eð] man sceal singan, ærest on þæt wynstre eare, þænne on þæt swiðre eare, þænne [b]ufan þæs mannes moldan; ⁊ ga þænne an mædenman to ⁊ ho hit on his sweoran, ⁊do man swa þry dagas. him bið sona sel.

Her com ingangan inspiden wiht.
Hæfde him his haman on handa; cwæð þæt þu his hæncgest wære.
Leg[d]e þe his teage [o]n sweoran; ongunnan him of þæm lande liþan.
Sona swa hy of þæm lande coman þa ongunnan him þa [leomu] colian.
Þa com ingangan deores sweostar.
Þa geændode heo ⁊ aðas swor
ðæt næfre þis ðæm adlegan [egl]ian ne moste
ne þæm þe þis galdor begytan mihte
oððe þe þis galdor ongalan cuðe.
Amen fia[t].

Against dwarf: one must take seven small wafers such as are used for Communion, and write these names on each wafer: Maximianus, Malchus, Johannes, Martinianus, Diony-sius, Constantinus, Seraphion. Then, next, the spell that is quoted hereafter is to be sung, first in the left ear then in the right ear, then above the man’s head; and then let a virgin approach and hang it on his neck, and let this been done in this way for three days. It will go better with him directly.

Here came to enter an inspiden creature.
He had his harness in his hand; said that you were his steed.
Laid his reins upon your neck; they began then to depart from the land.
As soon as they had come from the land then his [limbs] began to cool.
Then there came to enter the sister of the beast.
Then she made an end of it, and swore oaths,
that never should this thing [afflict] the patient,
or the one who was able to obtain this spell
or who knows how to chant this spell.
Amen, let it be'.

Old English text —Hines Translation


It has been noted that several components of this charm suggest that it was old at the time of its recording, such as the use of the word "inspiden", which would have had no clear meaning at the time of writing, and a lack of an alliterating vowel where expected in line 5 of the galdor.

See also

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