Draize test facts for kids

The Draize test is a way to check if a substance is harmful or toxic. It was created in 1944 by John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines. This test was first used for cosmetics, like makeup. Later, it was used for many other products too.

To do the test, a small amount of a substance is put on an animal's skin or in its eye. This is usually done for a set time. After that, the substance is washed off. Scientists then watch the animal to see what happens. They record any effects.

Often, small animals like rabbits are used. Animals are watched for up to 14 days after the test. If the test causes lasting harm to the skin or eye, the animal is put to sleep. If there is no lasting harm, the animals might be used again after a break.

Why the Test is Controversial

The Draize test is seen as controversial by many people. Some think it is cruel to animals. Others say it is not very scientific. This is because rabbit eyes are different from human eyes. Also, judging the effects can be a bit subjective.

The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the U.S. has supported the test. They have said that no other single test or group of tests has fully replaced it yet.

Changes and Alternatives

Because of the debate, the use of the Draize test has gone down. This is true in the U.S. and Europe. Sometimes, the test is changed to be less harsh. For example, animals might get pain medicine. Also, smaller amounts of the substance are used.

If a chemical is already known to cause bad effects in lab tests (in vitro), it is not usually used in a Draize test. This helps to reduce the number and seriousness of tests done on animals.

Scientists have also developed other tests. These new tests can replace the Draize test for many uses. One new test uses chicken eggs. Another test uses Spanish slugs.