Fragile X syndrome facts for kids
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic condition. It causes a range of intellectual disabilities. People with FXS may also have unique physical and behavioral traits. It is a common cause of autism and intellectual disability in boys. This happens because their bodies do not make an important protein.
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What is Fragile X Syndrome?
Fragile X syndrome is a condition someone is born with. It affects how the brain develops. This can lead to challenges with learning and thinking. It can also affect how a person acts and looks.
How Fragile X Syndrome Happens
Fragile X syndrome happens because of a change in a specific gene. This gene is called FMR1. It is found on the X chromosome. Chromosomes are like tiny packages of DNA in our bodies. They carry all our genetic information.
The FMR1 Gene
The FMR1 gene usually has a small section of repeating DNA letters. Think of it like a word repeated a few times. In most people, this section repeats about 5 to 44 times.
However, in people with Fragile X syndrome, this section repeats many more times. It can repeat over 200 times! This large number of repeats causes a problem.
Why Too Many Repeats Cause Problems
When there are too many repeats in the FMR1 gene, a chemical change happens. This change essentially "turns off" the gene. When the gene is turned off, it cannot do its job.
The FMR1 gene normally makes an important protein. This protein is needed for brain development. When the gene is turned off, this protein is not made. Without enough of this protein, the brain cannot develop as it should. This leads to the symptoms of Fragile X syndrome.
Characteristics of Fragile X Syndrome
People with Fragile X syndrome may have different challenges. These can range from mild to more serious.
Learning and Thinking
Many people with FXS have intellectual disabilities. This means they may learn at a slower pace. They might need extra help with schoolwork. They may also have trouble with problem-solving or remembering things.
Behavior and Social Skills
Some common behaviors include autism-like traits. These can be shyness or anxiety. They might also have trouble with eye contact. Some may repeat words or actions. Others might be very active or have trouble paying attention.
Physical Traits
Some physical features can be seen in people with FXS. These often become more noticeable as they get older. They might have a long face. Their ears might be larger or stick out. They may also have flexible joints.
Images for kids
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Prominent characteristics of the syndrome include an elongated face and large or protruding ears.
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Location of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome
See also
In Spanish: Síndrome X frágil para niños
