GlaxoSmithKline Prize facts for kids
The GlaxoSmithKline Prize and Lecture is a special award given by the Royal Society of London, a famous group of top scientists in the United Kingdom. The prize is for scientists who have made amazing discoveries in medicine for both people and animals. To win, their work must have been published within the last ten years.
The award is supported by the company GlaxoSmithKline. Winners receive the prize and a gift of £2500. The first prize was given in 1980 to César Milstein. He was honored for creating special proteins called monoclonal antibodies, which are now used worldwide to help fight diseases.
Award Winners and Their Discoveries
Source: Royal Society
| Year | Name | Reason for Winning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | César Milstein | "for creating special proteins called monoclonal antibodies. These are used all over the world to help in many areas of biology and medicine." | — |
| 1982 | Hans Kosterlitz | "for his studies on how pain-relief medicines work and for discovering the body's natural painkillers, called enkephalins." | — |
| 1984 | Edward Raymond Andrew, James M. S. Hutchison, John Mallard and Peter Mansfield | "for helping to develop NMR imaging (now known as MRI), a tool that lets doctors see inside the body to diagnose illnesses." | — |
| 1986 | Donald Metcalf and Leo Sachs | "for discovering the factors that control how blood cells grow and develop, which is important for understanding both healthy blood and blood cancer." | — |
| 1988 | Louis M. Kunkel | "for finding the cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a disease that weakens muscles. He identified the missing protein, dystrophin, that is responsible for the illness." | — |
| 1990 | Philippa Marrack and John Kappler | "for their key discoveries about T-cells, an important part of the immune system. They helped explain how the body learns not to attack itself." | — |
| 1992 | Paul Nurse | "for his important discoveries about how the cells in our bodies know when to grow and divide." | — |
| 1994 | David Barker | "for showing that many major diseases in later life, like heart disease, might be linked to a person's health and growth before they are born and as a baby." | — |
| 1996 | Charles Weissmann | "for his work on prion diseases (like 'mad cow disease'), which led to major breakthroughs in understanding these brain illnesses." | — |
| 1998 | Gillian Bates and Stephen Davies | "for discovering the genetic cause of Huntington's Disease, a serious inherited brain disorder that appears in adulthood." | — |
| 2000 | David MacLennan | "for his work on proteins that control calcium in our bodies. His discoveries helped create a test to diagnose a serious disease in pigs, a great example of how basic science can be used to solve real-world problems." | — |
| 2003 | Michael Neuberger | "for figuring out how our immune system creates a huge variety of antibodies to fight off different germs. His work also has links to understanding DNA and cancer." | — |
| 2005 | Nicholas White | "for his amazing work on treating and preventing serious diseases in developing countries." | — |
| 2007 | Mark Pepys | "for his excellent work as a clinical scientist. He has found new proteins to target with medicines for diseases like amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and heart disease." | — |
| 2010 | Stephen Craig West | "for his groundbreaking work on how our cells repair their DNA. This is important for understanding how to fight cancer." | |
| 2012 | Adrian Peter Bird | "for his outstanding discoveries in epigenetics, especially how DNA changes can affect our development and health." | - |
| 2014 | Nicholas Lydon | "for developing the drug imatinib. This medicine has changed the treatment of a type of blood cancer (CML) and is a model for creating new cancer drugs." | |
| 2016 | Andrew Hattersley | "for his work studying the genes of patients with certain types of diabetes that are caused by a single gene." |
See also
- List of medicine awards
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GlaxoSmithKline Prize Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.