James Maxwell (colonial administrator) facts for kids

Sir James Crawford Maxwell (1869 – 1932) was a British doctor and a leader who worked in different parts of the British Empire. He was known for his medical work and for helping to govern colonies in Africa. He received special honors like the KCMG, KBE for his service.

Early Life and Education

James Crawford Maxwell was born in Dundee, Scotland, in 1869. He went to school at the High School of Dundee. After that, he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He earned his first medical degrees in 1893 and a higher medical degree (M.D.) in 1896.

Medical Career in Africa

After finishing his studies, Maxwell worked briefly as a House-Surgeon at Halifax Infirmary. This is a doctor who lives in the hospital. In 1897, he moved to Sierra Leone in Africa. There, he became a district medical officer. This meant he was the main doctor for a specific area. He worked in this role until 1900. During this time, he received the West Africa Medal for his service during the Hut Tax War of 1898. This medal recognized his work as a medical officer during a difficult period.

Moving into Colonial Administration

In 1900, Sir James Maxwell changed his career path. He moved from being a doctor to working in government service. He started as a district commissioner in Sierra Leone. A district commissioner was a British official who helped manage and govern a specific region within a colony. In 1911, he was awarded the CMG for his important work.

Service in Nigeria and Gold Coast

From 1914 to 1920, Maxwell served as a First Class Resident in Nigeria. This was another important role in colonial administration. After his time in Nigeria, he returned to Sierra Leone. There, he became the Colonial Secretary. This was a very senior position, helping to run the colony. Later, he was promoted to a similar role in the Gold Coast, which is now the country of Ghana.

Governor of Northern Rhodesia

In 1927, Sir James Maxwell reached a very high position. He was appointed Governor and Commander in Chief of Northern Rhodesia. This meant he was the top British official in charge of that territory. He received further honors for his service. He was awarded the KBE in 1925 and the KCMG in 1930.

Retirement and Passing

Sir James Crawford Maxwell retired from his long career in 1932. Sadly, he passed away later that same year. He was 63 years old and was on a ship traveling to Australia at the time of his death.