Notable Turkish philosophers, scientists and scholars include:
A
- Ahmet Yesevi, philosopher
- Ahmet Resmi, historian
- Ahi Çelebi, physician
- Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, historian
- Ali Akansu, electrical engineer
- İsmail Akbay, engineer
- Selman Akbulut, mathematician
- Abdülkadir Topkaç, astronomer
- Alev Alatlı, economist
- Mustafa Âlî, historian
- Ahmet Alkan, economist
- Cahit Arf, mathematician
- Oruç Aruoba, poet, philosopher
- Aşıkpaşazade, historian
- 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk, mathematician
- Alper Gezeravcı, pilot and astronaut
- Ahi Evran, mystic
B
- Aykut Barka, earth scientist
- Asım Orhan Barut, physicist
- Turhan Baytop, botanist
- Hulusi Behçet, dermatologist, physician and scientist
- Besim Ömer Akalın, physician
- Orkut Büyükkökten, software engineer
C
- Katip Çelebi, historian, philosopher and geographer
- Tantek Çelik, computer scientist
- Erhan Çınlar, probabilist
- Cahit Arf, mathematician
- Celal Şengör, geologist
D
- Hilmi Volkan Demir, scientist
- Arda Denkel, philosopher
- Naşide Gözde Durmuş, geneticist
E
- Ahmed Resmî Efendi, historian and diplomat
- Gelenbevi İsmail Efendi, mathematician
- Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, historian
- Yunus Emre, poet, mystic and philosopher
- Osman Nuri Eralp, veterinary scientist and microbiologist
- Ali Erdemir, scientist
- Elza Erkip, electrical and computer engineer
- Ayşe Erzan, theoretical physicist
- İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi, philosopher and mystic
F
- Molla Şemseddin Fenari, logician, Islamic theologian
- Nusret Fişek, physician
G
- Erol Gelenbe, computer scientist
- Feza Gürsey, mathematician and physicist
- Nüzhet Gökdoğan, astronomer and mathematician
- Fatin Gökmen, astronomer
H
- Osman Hamdi Bey, archaeologist
- Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi, polymath
- Halil İnalcık, historian
I
K
- İhsan Ketin, geologist
- Osman Kibar, engineer and founder of Biosplice
- Ioanna Kuçuradi, Professor of Philosophy, President of Turkish Philosophy Association
- Behram Kurşunoğlu, physicist
- Yalçın Küçük, economist, historian and sovietologist
- Kâtip Çelebi, polymath and author
L
- Lagâri Hasan Çelebi, scientist, engineer and aviator
M
- Mirim Çelebi, astronomer
- Janet Akyüz Mattei, astronomer
- Müneccimbaşı Ahmed Dede, astronomer, astrologer and historian
- Takiyettin Mengişoğlu, philosopher
- Molla Fenari, logician, theologian, scholar, and philosopher
N
- Mustafa Naima, historian
- Matrakçı Nasuh, mathematician, historian, geographer, cartographer, swordmaster, and miniaturist
- Leyla Neyzi, anthropologist, sociologist and historian
O
- Hakkı Ögelman, physicist and astrophysicist
- Mehmet Öz, surgeon and author
- Feryal Özel, astrophysicist
- Hasan Özbekhan, scientist, cyberneticist, philosopher and planner who was professor emeritus
P
- Burçin Mutlu-Pakdil, astrophysicist
- Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, sociologist, legist and historian
- İbrahim Peçevi, historian
- Kadrî of Pergamon, linguist
Q
- Ali Kuşçu, astronomer, mathematician, physicist and scientist
R
- Piri Reis, cartographer and admiral
- Kemal Reis, cartographer
- Bursalı Kadızade Rumi, mathematician
- Seydi Ali Reis, cartographer
S
- Gülsün Sağlamer, architect
- Aziz Sancar, biochemist
- Aydın Sayılı, historian of science
- Mustafa Selaniki, historian
- Muzafer Sherif, social psychologist
- Oktay Sinanoğlu, theoretical chemist and molecular biologist
- Uğur Şahin, cancer research, immunology, CEO of BioNTech
- Celâl Şengör, geologist
- Sabuncuoğlu Şerafeddin, physician
- Serap Z. Tilav, scientist and explorer
T
- Takiyüddin, Ottoman polymath, astronomer
- Semih Tezcan, civil engineer
- Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha, mathematician
- Mehmet Toner, cryobiologist, biomedical engineer
- Özlem Türeci, physician, scientist and entrepreneur; co-founded the biotechnology company BioNTech
U
V
- Vamık Volkan, psychiatrist and author
Y
- Nur Yalman, anthropologist
- Gazi Yaşargil, father of modern microneurosurgery
- Muhammed Hamdi Yazır, theologian
- Cem Yıldırım, mathematician
- Cemal Yıldırım, philosopher of science
- Yusuf Has Hacip, political scientist, astronomer, author
- Yunus Emre, poet
- Yakup Çelik, scientist and explorer
