Pervasive developmental disorder facts for kids

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect how a child develops. These disorders can make it harder for children to learn how to talk, understand others, and interact socially. They often cause other challenges too.

There are five main disorders in this group:

• Pervasive disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
• Autism
• Asperger Syndrome
• Rett syndrome
• Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD).

The first three, PDD-NOS, Autism, and Asperger Syndrome, are also known as autism spectrum disorders. The last two, Rett syndrome and Childhood disintegrative disorder, are much less common.

Parents might start to notice signs of PDD when their child is a baby. These signs usually appear before a child turns three years old.

What Are Pervasive Developmental Disorders?

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect a child's development in many ways. The word "pervasive" means that these challenges affect many different parts of a child's life. These disorders can make it difficult for children to learn social skills, communicate with others, and even play in typical ways.

Children with PDD might have trouble understanding social cues or expressing their feelings. They may also have unique ways of thinking and learning. It's important to remember that every child with PDD is different. They will have their own strengths and challenges.

Understanding the Autism Spectrum

The term "autism spectrum disorders" (ASD) is often used to describe some PDDs. This is because the challenges can range from mild to severe, like a spectrum of colors. Children on the autism spectrum might have difficulties with social interaction and communication. They may also show repetitive behaviors or have very specific interests.

For example, a child with an autism spectrum disorder might struggle to make eye contact. They might also find it hard to understand jokes or sarcasm. They might prefer to play alone or repeat certain actions, like flapping their hands.

Autism: A Core PDD

Autism is one of the most well-known pervasive developmental disorders. Children with autism often have significant challenges with social interaction and communication. They might also have very focused interests or engage in repetitive behaviors.

For instance, a child with autism might be very interested in trains or dinosaurs. They might know many facts about their favorite topic. They might also prefer routines and get upset if their routine changes. Early support and special education can help children with autism learn important skills.

Asperger Syndrome: Social Challenges

Asperger Syndrome is another disorder on the autism spectrum. Children with Asperger Syndrome usually have good language skills. They might even have a very large vocabulary. However, they often struggle with social interactions.

They might find it hard to understand unspoken social rules. For example, they might not know when it's their turn to talk in a conversation. They might also have very intense interests in specific subjects. They can become experts in these areas.

PDD-NOS: When Symptoms Vary

PDD-NOS stands for "Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified." This diagnosis is given when a child has some symptoms of autism or Asperger Syndrome. However, they do not meet all the specific criteria for those disorders.

Children with PDD-NOS might have challenges in social skills or communication. Their symptoms might be milder or different from typical autism. This diagnosis helps ensure that these children also receive the support they need.

Less Common PDDs

While autism spectrum disorders are more commonly discussed, there are two other PDDs. These are Rett syndrome and Childhood disintegrative disorder. They are much rarer.

Rett Syndrome: Affecting Girls

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that mostly affects girls. Girls with Rett syndrome usually develop normally for a short time. Then, they start to lose skills they once had. This can include losing the ability to use their hands purposefully.

They might also develop problems with communication and movement. They often have repetitive hand movements, like wringing or clapping. Support for girls with Rett syndrome focuses on managing symptoms and improving their quality of life.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Skill Loss

Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is also very rare. Children with CDD develop normally for at least two years. Sometimes, they develop normally for up to 10 years. Then, they experience a significant loss of previously learned skills.

This loss can include language, social skills, and motor skills. It's a very sudden and severe change. The cause of CDD is not fully understood. Children with CDD need intensive support to help them regain or learn new skills.

When Are PDDs Noticed?

Signs of pervasive developmental disorders often appear early in a child's life. Parents might notice that their baby or toddler is not developing certain skills at the same rate as other children. These signs usually become clear before a child reaches three years old.

For example, a baby might not babble or make eye contact as much as expected. A toddler might not respond to their name or show interest in playing with others. Early detection is very important. It allows children to get help and support as soon as possible.

Support and Education

Children with pervasive developmental disorders can benefit greatly from early intervention. This means getting help and therapy as soon as possible. Therapies like speech therapy can help with communication. Occupational therapy can help with daily living skills.

Special education programs are also very important. These programs are designed to meet the unique learning needs of children with PDD. They help children develop social skills, communication abilities, and academic knowledge. With the right support, children with PDD can learn and grow. They can also lead fulfilling lives.