Railway track facts for kids
A railway track or railway line is a set of two parallel rows of long pieces of steel. They are used by trains to transport people and things from one place to another. (In America, people say railroad as well as railway). Often, there is more than one set of tracks on the railway line. For example, trains go east on one track and west on the other one.
The rails are supported by cross pieces set at regular intervals (called sleepers or ties), which spread the high pressure load imposed by the train wheels into the ground. They also maintain the rails at a fixed distance apart (called the gauge). Ties are usually made from either wood or concrete. These often rest on ballast, which is a name for very small pieces of broken up rock that are packed together and keep the railway tracks in place. Tracks are often made better by ballast tampers.
The upper surfaces of the rails are inclined slightly towards each other, typically on a slope of 1/20, and the rims of the train wheels are angled in the same way ("coning"). This helps guide the vehicles of the train along the track. Each wheel also has a flange, which sticks out from one edge all the way around. This makes sure the train does not "derail" (come off the track) and helps guide the train on sharp curves.
Images for kids
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New railway concrete sleeper.
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Section through railway track and foundation showing the ballast and formation layers. The layers are slightly sloped to help drainage. Sometimes there is a layer of rubber matting (not shown) to improve drainage, and to dampen sound and vibration
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Ballastless high-speed track in China
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Diagram of cross section of 1830s ladder type track used on the Leeds and Selby Railway
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Ladder track at Shinagawa Station, Tokyo, Japan
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Bonded main line 6-bolt rail joint on a segment of 155 lb/yd (76.9 kg/m) rail. The alternating bolt head orientation is to prevent complete separation of the joint in the event of being struck by a wheel during a derailment.
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Welded rail joint
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A pull-apart on the Long Island Rail Road Babylon Branch being repaired by using flaming rope to expand the rail back to a point where it can be joined together
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An expansion joint on the Cornish Main Line, England
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Panama Canal construction track
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Circa 1917, American section gang (gandy dancers) responsible for maintenance of a particular section of railway. One man is holding a lining bar (gandy), while others are using rail tongs to position a rail.
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Flange oilers lubricate wheel flanges to reduce rail wear in tight curves, Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa
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Intercity-Express Track, Germany
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On this Japanese high-speed line, mats have been added to stabilize the ballast
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Buses driving on tracks
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Traditional railway track showing ballast, part of sleeper and fixing mechanisms
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Track of Singapore LRT
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Maintenance of way equipment in Italy
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A track renewal train in Pennsylvania
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Plasser & Theurer 09-32 CSM continuous action levelling, lining and tamping machine of the Romanian Railways
See also
In Spanish: Vía férrea para niños
