United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom facts for kids
This document, officially called An Act Declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Dependencies Thereof and the United States of America and Their Territories, was a very important paper. It was passed by the 12th United States Congress on June 18, 1812. This act officially started the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. James Madison, who was the 4th President of the United States at the time, signed it into law.
Why the War Started
The War of 1812 happened for several reasons. One big reason was that Great Britain and France were fighting in Europe. Both countries tried to stop the United States from trading with the other. British ships would sometimes stop American ships and take their sailors, claiming they were British deserters. This was called "impressment."
Another reason was that the British were supporting Native American tribes on the American frontier. These tribes were resisting American expansion into their lands. Many Americans, especially those known as "War Hawks" in Congress, felt that war was the only way to protect American rights and honor. They also hoped to expand American territory.
What the Declaration Said
The declaration was a formal statement that the United States was going to war. It clearly stated that a state of war existed between the United States and Great Britain. It also gave the President, James Madison, the power to use the entire American army and navy to fight the war.
The declaration also allowed the President to issue "letters of marque and general reprisal." These were special documents that let private American ships, called privateers, attack and capture British ships and goods. This was a way to use private citizens to help fight the war at sea.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That war be and is hereby declared to exist between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and the United States of America and their territories; and that the President of the United States is hereby authorized to use the whole land and naval force of the United States to carry the same into effect...
Impact of the Declaration
Once President Madison signed this act, the United States was officially at war. This began a conflict that lasted for over two years. The War of 1812 had a big impact on American history. It helped to strengthen American national identity and showed that the young United States could stand up for itself against a powerful nation like Great Britain. Even though the war ended in a stalemate, it is often called the "Second War of Independence" because it confirmed America's place as an independent nation.
