Aleksander Tõnisson facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Aleksander Tõnisson
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| Born | 17 April 1875 Pööra, Härjanurme Parish, Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire (now Pööra, Jõgeva Parish, Estonia) |
| Died | 30 June 1941 (aged 66) Tallinn, Estonia |
| Allegiance |  Russian Empire Estonia |
| Years of service | 1899–1917 Imperial Russian Army 1918–1934 Estonian Army |
| Rank | Kindralmajor |
| Unit | Imperial Russian Army Estonian Army |
| Battles/wars | Russo-Japanese war World War I Estonian War of Independence
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| Awards | Cross of Liberty |
Aleksander Tõnisson (born 17 April 1875 – died 30 June 1941) was an important Estonian military leader. He held the rank of Major General and played a key role during the Estonian War of Independence. He was also honored with the Cross of Liberty.
Contents
Early Life and Military Career
Aleksander Tõnisson started his military journey in 1899. He finished his studies at the Vilnius Military Academy. After graduating, he took part in two big wars: the Russo-Japanese war and World War I.
In 1917, he helped create Estonian national military groups. He commanded the 1st Estonian regiment and fought in battles on the Riga front.
Fighting for Estonia's Freedom
In 1918, during the German occupation, Aleksander Tõnisson had to escape to Finland. He returned to Estonia in the autumn of that year. He then became the commander of the 1st Division of Estonia.
During the Estonian War of Independence, Tõnisson led his troops very well. He achieved success on the Viru Front, helping Estonia gain its freedom.
Life After the War
After the war ended, Aleksander Tõnisson continued to serve his country. He was appointed as the Minister of Defence twice. This job meant he was in charge of Estonia's military forces.
In 1934, he retired from the military. However, he didn't stop serving the public. From 1934 to 1939, he was the mayor of Tartu, a major city in Estonia. Later, from 1939 to 1940, he became the ülemlinnapea (Lord Mayor) of Tallinn, the capital city.
In 1940, when the Soviet authorities occupied Estonia, Aleksander Tõnisson was arrested. He died the following year in 1941.
Awards and Recognition
Aleksander Tõnisson received several important awards for his service:
- Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
- Cross of Liberty, first-class, first degree
- Commander of the Order of the Cross of the Eagle
- Protection of Natural Amenities Medal, 2nd Rank
