Bronchospasm facts for kids

Inflamed airways and bronchoconstriction in asthma. Airways narrowed as a result of the inflammatory response cause wheezing.

Bronchospasm (say: BRON-koh-spaz-um) is when the muscles around your airways suddenly tighten. Your airways are the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When these muscles tighten, it makes the airways narrower. This can make it hard to breathe.

Bronchospasms can feel like a mild cough or a serious struggle for air. They happen when certain cells in your body, called mast cells or basophils, release chemicals. These chemicals can make the muscles in your airways squeeze tight.

What Causes Bronchospasm?

Bronchospasms can be caused by different things. Understanding the causes can help you know when to be careful.

Common Causes of Bronchospasm

• Asthma: This is a common reason for bronchospasms. If you have asthma, your airways are already sensitive. Things like pollen, dust, or exercise can trigger a spasm.
• Chronic Bronchitis: This is a long-term swelling of the breathing tubes. It can also lead to bronchospasms.
• Allergic Reactions: Sometimes, a severe allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis, can cause bronchospasms. This might happen if you are very allergic to certain foods, insect stings, or medicines.
• Irritants: Breathing in smoke, strong fumes, or very cold air can also irritate your airways and cause them to tighten.

Other Triggers for Bronchospasm

• Foods and Medicines: For some people, certain foods or medicines can trigger a bronchospasm.
• Hormone Levels: In women, changes in hormone levels can sometimes play a role in causing bronchospasms.
• Medical Procedures: Rarely, a bronchospasm can happen during a medical procedure, like when a breathing tube is placed for general anesthesia (when you are asleep for surgery).

What Happens During a Bronchospasm?

When a bronchospasm happens, the muscles around your airways squeeze. This makes the tubes smaller, so less air can get through. You might hear a whistling sound when you breathe, called wheezing. You might also cough a lot or feel tightness in your chest.

If you or someone you know has trouble breathing, it's important to get help right away.

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