Bumin Qaghan facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Bumin Qaghan |
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A line dedicated to Bumin Qaghan in the Ongin inscription.
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| Qaghan of the First Turkic Khaganate | |||||
| Reign | 552 | ||||
| Coronation | 552 in Altai Mountains | ||||
| Successor | Issik Qaghan | ||||
| Died | 552 | ||||
| Spouse | Princess Changle | ||||
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| House | Ashina Clan | ||||
| Father | Ashina Tuwu | ||||
| Religion | Tengrism | ||||
Bumin Qaghan (also known as Illig Qaghan) was a very important leader. He founded the First Turkic Khaganate, which became a powerful empire. Bumin was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu. He started as a chieftain (a leader of a tribe) of the Turks. At that time, his people were under the rule of the Rouran Khaganate.
Contents
How Bumin Started His Empire
Early Life and Rise to Power
In 545, Bumin's tribe, the Turks, began to grow stronger. They often explored the western borders of the Western Wei state in China. The leader of Western Wei, Yuwen Tai, sent a messenger to Bumin. He wanted to start trading with the Turks.
In 546, Bumin showed his respect to the Western Wei state. In the same year, Bumin helped put down a rebellion. Some tribes called the Tiele were rebelling against their rulers, the Rouran Khaganate. Bumin successfully stopped this revolt.
The "Blacksmith" Insult
After helping the Rouran, Bumin felt he deserved a reward. He asked the Rouran leader, Yujiulü Anagui, for a princess to marry. But Anagui refused in a very insulting way. He sent a message saying, "You are my blacksmith slave. How dare you say such things?"
This made Bumin very angry. He killed Anagui's messenger and ended all ties with the Rouran Khaganate. The Rouran leader's insult meant that he saw Bumin and his people as mere servants. Some historical records suggest that the Turks did work as blacksmiths for the Rouran. But Bumin used this insult to rally his people. He became the main leader of the rebellion against the Rouran.
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Forming New Alliances
In 551, Bumin looked for new allies. He asked the Western Wei state for a princess to marry. This time, Yuwen Tai agreed. He sent Princess Changle of Western Wei to marry Bumin. This marriage helped Bumin gain more respect and power among his own people.
With support from China, Bumin united the different Turkic tribes. He finally broke free from the Rouran's control. He then defeated the Rouran Khaganate. After this big victory, Bumin declared himself "Illig Qaghan." "Illig" means "ruler of people" in the old Turkic language. He also made his wife, Princess Changle, his queen, known as a qaghatun. Bumin and his brother, Istemi, began to rule their people using Turkic laws.
Bumin's Family and Legacy
His Family and Short Reign
Bumin Qaghan died just a few months after becoming Illig Qaghan in 552 AD. He was married to Princess Changle of Western Wei.
He had several children, including:
- Ashina Keluo, who became Issik Qaghan
- Ashina Qijin, who became Muqan Qaghan
- Taspar Qaghan
- Ashina Kutou
- Mahan Tigin
- Rudan Qaghan
Bumin's Lasting Impact
After Bumin's death, his younger brother Istemi took control of the western part of the empire. Bumin's son, Issik Qaghan, ruled the eastern part. In less than 100 years, the Turkic Khaganate grew very large. It covered most of Central Asia. Bumin Qaghan is remembered as the founder of this powerful Turkic empire.
See also
In Spanish: Bumin para niños
