Ceolwulf of Northumbria facts for kids

Saint Ceolwulf was a powerful king who ruled Northumbria, an ancient kingdom in England, from 729 to 737. He was also a monk and is remembered as a saint. For a short time in 731 or 732, he was removed from power but quickly got his throne back. Ceolwulf later decided to give up his crown and join a monastery at Lindisfarne. He was considered a "most glorious king" by the famous historian Bede, who dedicated his important book, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (History of the English Church), to him.

King Ceolwulf's Early Life

Ceolwulf was born around the year 695 in Northumbria. His family had a long history of important leaders. He was part of a royal family line that included many kings. His brother, Coenred, became king of Northumbria in 716. Coenred ruled for two years before another king, Osric, took the throne. In 729, just before Osric died, he chose Ceolwulf to be the next king.

Becoming King of Northumbria

When Ceolwulf became king, he often asked for advice from the Venerable Bede, a very wise monk and scholar. Bede thought Ceolwulf was a very religious person. However, Bede also wondered if Ceolwulf was truly suited to be a king. Ceolwulf was more interested in religious life than in running a kingdom.

Challenges and Important Advice

Bede dedicated his famous book, History of the English Church, to King Ceolwulf in 731. The start of Ceolwulf's rule was not easy. There were groups who opposed him, and he faced a rebellion. In the same year, his enemies captured him and forced him to become a monk for a short time. This meant he was removed from power. However, he was quickly put back on the throne. We don't know all the details of this attempted takeover. It seems that Bishop Acca of Hexham might have supported those who opposed Ceolwulf. Around 732, Ceolwulf appointed his cousin, Ecgbert, to be the bishop of York.

His Time as King and Later Life

Some people believe that Ceolwulf may have spent time in Ireland, possibly studying to become a religious leader. As king, he gave many valuable gifts to the monastery at Lindisfarne. He even got a special permission for the monks there. This allowed them to drink beer and wine, which was different from the usual rule that only allowed water and milk.

In 737, Ceolwulf decided to step down as king. He gave the throne to his first cousin, Eadberht. Ceolwulf then retired to the monastery at Lindisfarne to live as a monk. He died in the winter of 764 or 765. Later, his remains were moved to a newly built church in Norham.

A Saintly Legacy

King Ceolwulf is remembered as a saint. His special day, called a feast day, is celebrated on January 15th.