Domitianus II (usurper) facts for kids
Domitianus was likely a Roman soldier who became an emperor for a very short time. This happened during the rule of another emperor named Aurelian.
Domitianus was in northern Gaul (which is now France) around the end of 270 AD or early 271 AD. He made special gold coins to show everyone that he was claiming to be the new emperor. However, his time as emperor did not last long; he died within the same year. We know about him from ancient writers like Zosimus, a historian from the Byzantine Empire, and from a book called the Historia Augusta, which contains biographies of Roman emperors.
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Who Was Domitianus?
Domitianus was probably a military leader in the Roman army. At this time, the Roman Empire was very large and sometimes hard to control. Different parts of the empire would sometimes try to break away or choose their own leaders.
Becoming an Emperor
In the Roman Empire, an emperor was usually chosen by the Senate in Rome or by the army. Sometimes, a powerful general or soldier could be "acclaimed" (meaning cheered and declared) as emperor by his own troops. This is likely what happened to Domitianus. His soldiers probably thought he would be a good leader and supported his claim to the throne.
The Gallic Empire
Domitianus appeared in a region known as the Gallic Empire. This was a part of the Roman Empire that had broken away. It included Gaul, Britain, and parts of Spain. Leaders in this area often tried to rule independently from Rome. Domitianus was one of several "Gallic emperors" who tried to take power during this period of Roman history.
Why Did He Make Coins?
Making coins was a very important way for a new emperor to show his power and authority.
- Spreading the word: Coins traveled widely, letting people across the empire know who the new ruler was.
- Showing legitimacy: Having your face on a coin meant you were officially in charge.
- Propaganda: Coins often had messages or symbols that promoted the emperor's strength or good qualities.
His Short Reign
Domitianus's rule was very brief, lasting only a few weeks or months. He did not survive the year 271 AD. Historians are not sure exactly how he died, but many short-lived emperors during this time were often killed in battle or by their own soldiers.
How Do We Know About Him?
Even though his reign was short, Domitianus is mentioned in historical records.
- Zosimus: This Byzantine historian wrote about the Roman Empire and mentioned Domitianus.
- Historia Augusta: This collection of biographies also includes a mention of him.
- Coins: The gold coins he minted are very important evidence that he existed and claimed to be emperor. These coins are rare today.
See also
- Aurelian: The Roman emperor who was officially ruling when Domitianus claimed power.
- Gallic Empire: Learn more about this breakaway part of the Roman Empire.
