Gila River Indian Reservation facts for kids

This marker shows the Gila River Indian Reservation, started in 1859. It was home to the first government school for the Pima and Maricopa people in 1871. It was also the birthplace of Ira Hayes, a Pima Marine famous for raising the flag at Iwo Jima.

The Gila River Indian Reservation was created in 1859 by the United States government. It was set up in what was then the New Mexico Territory. This land was meant for the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and Piipaash (Maricopa) people. Their homes were along the Gila River, in an area that is now Pinal County, Arizona.

Later, in 1939, the people of the reservation gained the right to govern themselves. This self-governance was officially set up by the United States Congress. Today, it is known as the Gila River Indian Community.

History of the Reservation

The Gila River Indian Reservation was formed in 1859. It included the Pima Villages and their surrounding lands. These villages were important places for travelers during the Mexican War and the Gold Rush. They offered friendly resting spots.

In 1859, a special office called an Indian Agency was set up at Casa Blanca. This office helped manage relations with the Native American tribes. Silas St. John was chosen as the Special Agent for the Pima and Maricopa people on February 18, 1859. He was also in charge of the Butterfield Overland Mail station there. Later that year, Agent St. John counted the people living in the villages. This count is called a census.