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Give Yourself Goosebumps facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Give Yourself Goosebumps 17 Little Comic Shop of Horrors cover art
Cover art for Give Yourself Goosebumps #17: Little Comic Shop of Horrors, illustrated by Mark Nagata.

Give Yourself Goosebumps is a children's horror fiction gamebook series by R. L. Stine. After the success of the regular Goosebumps books, Scholastic Press decided to create this spin-off series in 1995. In fact, Stine had written gamebooks in previous years.

Fifty books in the series, including the "special editions" were published between 1995 and 2000. All of the books in the series, with the exception of Please Don't Feed the Vampire, are now out-of-print.

General plotline

For the most part, play is rather simple, as the books are merely novels with branching plots. The books are written in the second person and enlivened by puzzles or choices. Rather than being simply from beginning to end, the reader is told to turn to a certain page at the bottom of the current page, at certain pages the reader will be given at least two choices of which page to turn to, depending on what they want the main character (one's self) to do. If the reader makes poor choices, the book may come to a "bad" ending that will feature a horrid fate for the main character, but the reader is always able to go back and choose a new choice.

There is also at least one page in each book that uses an alternative method to selecting each choice, and is done more by chance rather than the reader's decision. These include; "Tossing a Coin" (where "Heads" represents one page and "Tails" another) "Rolling a Die" ("Odd" and "Even" sides having their own pages), or the reader trying a challenge in real life (and turning to a different page depending on whether they were successful or not). This whole structure came from the then-popular Choose Your Own Adventure book series.

There are normally two "main stories" and one "side story" which have their own set of choices, and a certain decision - usually at the first two choices that will determine which of the two "stories" the reader will be a part of, the side story will usually feature inside one of the two main stories, would consist of a small group of choices, and is usually more lighthearted than the rest of the book. Also, there is sometimes a group of choices, which contain one choice which is blatantly wrong (such as eating the blue eggs in Escape from Camp Run-For-Your-Life or failing to acknowledge the situation in Welcome to the Wicked Wax Museum as an emergency). If (s)he makes one of these choices the book will break the fourth wall and demand that the reader turns back and choose a better option, or sometimes simply end the whole book then and there. This literary trope is characteristic of many late 20th century Western works of metafiction.

It is also worth noting that the main character is never named and is usually of ambiguous gender; therefore the reader can easily imagine himself or herself as the main character regardless of what sex he or she is, however, sometimes the occasional "he" slips through. There is, however, a "friend character" who is named and given a gender, these characters are normally present throughout the storyline. The only thing linking the main character in each story is that they are self-proclaimed "Goosebumps Experts".

Endings

Give Yourself Goosebumps Special Edition 3 Trapped in the Circus of Fear cover art
Cover art for Give Yourself Goosebumps Special Edition #3: Trapped in the Circus of Fear, illustrated by Craig White.

Because of the choices and page connections, there are many ways the story can end. These vary depending on which book is being read, but largely the endings involve the reader's character dying, permanently metamorphosing into something other than human, getting trapped somewhere inescapable (implying that one will die eventually), being put in a state of immobility such as becoming a statue, or - if the correct choices are met - surviving the story. The ending pages are the only ones which have no choices, and simply have the words "The End" where the choices would usually be. Occasionally it will just say "End" because it is supposed to be part of the final sentence, or it will say something else appropriate.

There are also endings that combine the above options, such as being mutated, and then being killed because of whatever it is they are now or an almost "good" ending in which - despite the reader's metamorphosis - the ending is still relatively satisfying, in The Deadly Experiments of Dr. Eeek, the reader can metamorphose into a dog if the wrong choice is chosen, but still gets home in one ending, albeit stuck in dog form. Not all bad choices will take the reader to a bad ending immediately; instead, they will sometimes take the reader to another page which has its own choices, but all of them will lead to a bad ending - this is because a previous choice has put the reader in an inescapable situation, where there is no chance of making it out alive, and although they do not die immediately from that choice, the reader has ultimately gotten "killed" by making that decision. Fortunately, the reverse occasionally happens as well; some choices will take the reader to a page with choices that all lead to a good ending.

In addition, each book involves at least one page where the reader's knowledge of the actual Goosebumps books is called into question. This can either involve them being asked a question relating to one of the actual Goosebumps books, or simply being faced with something that has previously appeared in Goosebumps, and only a true Goosebumps fan would know how to respond to it. For the questions, the reader is given the choice of turning to one of two pages - one where they give the correct answer and one where they give the wrong answer (which usually has some subtle similarities to the correct one), and for the references, the reader is just given choices, which are blatant if they know what book the choices are referring to, but make no sense if they do not. Answering correctly will allow the story to continue, but answering incorrectly will normally result in death. There is at least one good ending in each book, as opposed to the 20+ scary endings (explained above).

US and UK versions of covers

The covers were metallic and holographic, showing a basic design repeated on the cover background. One color colored the entire design, and the design would change slightly when the book was moved to different areas of light. The design itself changed with every book, although some of the designs are repeated, as in books 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, and 19. Three illustrators did the cover illustrations, the first was Tim Jacobus, who did the original series and Goosebumps Series 2000. Jacobus only did one cover, Escape from the Carnival of Horrors, and it is often mistaken for Mark Nagata, who illustrated the next 22 books, because Jacobus' signature is not visible on the front. It is, however, visible on the back, as it was obscured by Choose from over 20 Different Scary Endings! on the front. Mark Nagata illustrated the next book, Tick Tock, You're Dead!, throughout number 24, Lost in Stinkeye Swamp. Number 25, Shop Till You Drop... Dead!, was illustrated by Craig White, whose illustrations were made with computers and who illustrated the last 17 through number 42, All Day Nightmare and all 8 of the special edition books.

In the UK, books 1-14 contained covers with the pictures almost completely obscured by what was supposed to be a slimy substance, which occasionally obscured important parts of the cover (e.g. in Diary of a Mad Mummy, it is impossible to actually see the diary on the UK cover.) The later books of the UK had more detail to them and were no longer covered, but still had slightly less detail than the US version. Furthermore, the UK version did not sparkle like the US version. The US version also had a tagline on the back of the books, but the UK version did not; additionally the blurb between the two nations was completely different.

List of Give Yourself Goosebumps books

# Title Original published date Pages ISBN
01 Escape from the Carnival of Horrors July 1995 135 ISBN: 0-590-55323-2
The reader and two friends, Patty and Brad, wander into a haunted amusement park. There are two main storylines determined based on whether the reader chooses to go to the rides or the games. In addition to choices the reader can make about how the story unfolds, there are several games of chance that determine the reader's fate. Endings include blasting off to Mars for two decades, falling forever, bouncing forever on a trampoline, becoming stuck in a mirrored hallway, metamorphosing into a chicken, metamorphosing into a dummy for the Real-Life Space Display, metamorphosing into a ghost, and being stuck together with Brad and Patty by a gluelike substance like Siamese triplets.
02 Tick Tock, You're Dead! November 1995 135 ISBN: 0-590-56645-8

The reader's uncooperative younger brother, Denny, stumbles into a time travel experiment at a museum, and the reader has two hours to bring Denny back before he ceases to exist. Endings include falling into quicksand, being eaten by crocodiles, being labeled as a "Couch Potato" in a zoo, and exploding in space.

Mark Nagata illustrated this book through Lost in Stinkeye Swamp, number 24.
03 Trapped in Bat Wing Hall December 1995 137 ISBN: 0-590-56646-6
The reader is the new kid in town and, as such, has no friends. The reader meets a young boy by the name of Nick who invites the reader to join the "Horror Club" that meets in Bat Wing Hall. The reader then has to decide between going on a scavenger hunt around the house or searching for "the scariest item he/she can find". Endings include being stuck in a bat house, turning to stone, and running into the Swamp Monster.
04 The Deadly Experiments of Dr. Eeek February 1996 130 ISBN: 0-590-67318-1
The reader's mother, who works at Eeek Labs, invites the reader and the reader's friend Sam to come wait for her at work. Though the reader is warned not to cause trouble, the first choice in the book is whether or not to explore the lab. If the reader decides to explore the lab, the book continues on; otherwise, the book just ends quickly. Going through the canine maze could lead the reader to metamorphose into a German Shepherd.
05 Night in Werewolf Woods April 1996 133 ISBN: 0-590-67319-X

The reader prepares for a fun-filled vacation at WoodsWorld until rumors around the Kids Only Campfire reveal that the place is infested with werewolves. There are 23 possible endings to the story, three of which result in the entire thing having been a dream. However, werewolves are not the only horrific element to the book, as some endings involve trolls and metamorphoses into inanimate objects.

This book is written in a different manner to the others, as several choices are about what happens to the character rather than what the character does.
06 Beware of the Purple Peanut Butter June 1996 135 ISBN: 0-590-67320-3
The reader is spending the summer with their cousins Barney and Dora. Barney is a bully and Dora is a typical annoying little cousin. In the basement of the house, there is a refrigerator that holds a jar of a purple substance that smells like peanut butter and a box of some chocolate cake; the story that develops depends on which the reader chooses to consume.
07 Under the Magician's Spell July 1996 135 ISBN: 0-590-67321-1
The reader, their little sister Joanie, and their best friend Sid go to the mall, but Joanie runs into a magic shop and steals a magic book of magical spells while the reader is distracted. Later, they come to know that the shop owner is an evil magician who wants his book back or he will make Joanie disappear into thin air.
08 The Curse of the Creeping Coffin August 1996 132 ISBN: 0-590-84765-1
The reader is staying at their grandmother's house, located next to a cemetery. Ghosts start to appear around the house but Grandma is unable to see or hear them. The reader is given the choice to either find out more about the ghosts by following one of them or get away from their grandmother's house by going home.
09 The Knight in Screaming Armor September 1996 136 ISBN: 0-590-84766-X
A suit of armor brought to the United States from England has a curse on it connected to the reader's family. Two crates are shipped with the suit of armor, one marked "Good Knight" and the other marked "Evil Knight" and the reader must choose one to open. Endings include being age-reversed into an infant, and being turned into a flower or a bird.
10 Diary of a Mad Mummy October 1996 136 ISBN: 0-590-84767-8
The reader is exploring a skyscraper shaped like a pyramid and, examining an Egyptian mummy, finds a diary that seems to have been written by the corpse. Possible endings include finding the mummy's treasure, disintegrating into dust, drinking a sleeping potion, and sinking into the La Brea Tar Pits.
11 Deep in the Jungle of Doom November 1996 136 ISBN: 0-590-84768-6
The reader is on a class trip in the Amazon Rainforest. The reader and their friend Zoe abandon the group and encounter a strange stone beast that chases them through the jungle. The two major storylines of the book branch from the decision to either run into a clearing or towards a pool.
12 Welcome to the Wicked Wax Museum December 1996 137 ISBN: 0-590-84772-4
A history class is taking a trip to the Wicked Wax Museum the day before it opens. The reader and their friends Jake and Liz misbehave and are told by their teacher that they are not allowed inside. Eventually, Jake decides to go inside and soon starts screaming, providing the reader with the first choice in the book: whether to go in after him or to go find help.
13 Scream of the Evil Genie January 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-84773-2
Coming home from school after a very tiring day, the reader takes a cola can out of the refrigerator. Once it is opened, a genie named Jenna, dressed like a punk rocker, pops out, instead of cola. She grants the reader three wishes, so long as they are neither violent, likely to kill or injure someone else, or menial household tasks. However, the wishes should be spoken very precisely, or else.
14 The Creepy Creations of Professor Shock February 1997 135 ISBN: 0-590-84774-0
The reader takes a job cleaning the garage of an inventor. Being told to avoid a particular door in the garage, the reader enters it anyway.
15 Please Don't Feed the Vampire! March 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-93477-5
The reader starts out with a costume called "Vampire in a Can": a cheesy vampire costume stuffed inside a can. The reader then finds a strange packet of red goo inside that will metamorphose anyone who swallows it into a vampire. The two main storylines deal with either the reader metamorphosing into a vampire or the reader's pet dog Fifi mutating into one.
16 Secret Agent Grandma April 1997 131 ISBN: 0-590-84775-9
The reader's grandmother is waiting at the train station. When the reader arrives, however, there are two of her - one on the platform and one on the train, claiming the one on the platform is a phony. The storyline the reader follows is determined based on the choice of which grandma to accept as the real one. If the reader chooses the one on the platform, they will find that she is an alien. If the reader chooses the train one, they will discover that she is a secret agent out to destroy aliens.
17 Little Comic Shop of Horrors May 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-93483-X
The reader walks through a creepy part of town and stumbles upon a new comic shop called Milo's Comics Dungeon, whose owner Milo does not plan on ever letting the reader leave. Various endings include being trapped in a comic permanently, melting into nothing, or being turned into a hundred-foot-tall green Godzilla-like monster.
18 Attack of the Beastly Babysitter June 1997 136 ISBN: 0-590-93485-6
The reader's mother has hired a babysitter named Zoe. Zoe has whiskers, claw-like fingernails, and a pointy nose. Zoe provides the reader with a spinner that offers the choice between fun or games; whatever it lands on determines which of the two main storylines the reader will follow. The spinner is reused for a couple of choices, and there are a few activities to do in the "Games" section with a tattooed man named Dare. The Beast from the East is mentioned. Each of the storylines (including the side story) have only one good ending. Endings include: Being buried alive by rats, getting shredded into a Kid Grater, Zoe metamorphosing the reader into a rat, getting stuck with Dare for another week, and finally getting home via a DiskGoTech (a video game controller).
19 Escape from Camp Run-For-Your-Life July 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-93489-9
The reader attends a summer sports camp that turns out to be run by alien invaders.
20 Toy Terror: Batteries Included August 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-93492-9
The reader wins a contest and is presented with the choice of two prizes: a tour of a toy factory or an Annihilator 3000 toy robot. If they choose the tour, a Nasty Kathy doll will attack them. If the toy is chosen, the robot starts annihilating the reader's house.
21 The Twisted Tale of Tiki Island September 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-93500-3
There is a curse that is rumored to haunt Tiki Island. There are various endings, including metamorphosing into an octopus, fall into lava, getting banned from the island resort permanently, accidentally cursing themselves with the Tiki Eye, and getting buried under a mountain of diamonds.
22 Return to the Carnival of Horrors October 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-21062-9
The reader revisits the Carnival of Horrors from the first Give Yourself Goosebumps book. Cousin Floyd accompanies the reader on the journey, as does Patty, who appeared in part one. Some possible endings are being eaten by hot dogs, being killed by slugs that spit acid, being buried under alphabet letters, getting eaten by a T-rex, being attacked by a squid, going to space, escaping back in time, escaping with the ghosts, metamorphosing into a crane prize, metamorphosing into a robot, becoming a skeleton, and escaping with passes to the Carnival of Horrors.
23 Zapped in Space November 1997 137 ISBN: 0-590-39774-5

The reader visits Madame Zapp's new Virtual Reality Arcade. The two main storylines result from the decision to either play Arctic Adventure or Adrift off Vega. Arctic Adventure takes the reader to the Arctic, while Adrift off Vega takes them to space, where they are attacked by aliens.

Beginning with this book, the covers take on a new style.
24 Lost in Stinkeye Swamp December 1997 134 ISBN: 0-590-39775-3
The reader moves to a new house called Swamp House. It is ugly, rundown, and haunted by a ghost named Annabelle, but there is treasure hidden in the grounds. In the basement, the reader finds a magic telescope and Annabelle's two-century-old diary.
25 Shop Till You Drop...Dead! January 1998 133 ISBN: 0-590-39776-1

Reggie Mayfield tells the reader that there are monsters in his dad's department store. The reader and their friend Julie try to prove that Reggie is lying by going to the department store at midnight and spending an hour there.

This is the first book in the series to have a largely non-linear storyline. It also uses an item collection system. Although previous books have contained at least one page that use one, it is the first time that an item check has been used as the main theme in the book's storyline. Craig White illustrated this cover, and continued to do so throughout the series and its special editions.
26 Alone in Snakebite Canyon March 1998 137 ISBN: 0-590-39997-7
The reader, their parents, and annoying older brother Pete go to Lonestar National Park. While camping in the desert, the reader finds a shop and can buy one of two valuable items: a pair of magic snake eyes that allow the wearer to shapeshift into different animals or a map to an old, deadly gold mine. If the reader chooses the magic snake eyes, the reader may shapeshift into any of several different animals including a bear, a fish, and a falcon, while the choice of the map results in the necessity to solve a riddle.
27 Checkout Time at the Dead-End Hotel April 1998 140 ISBN: 0-590-39998-5
The reader and their friends check into a rundown hotel on the side of an abandoned highway. The hotel turns out to be inhabited by ghosts and the only way out is to locate the only other human resident.
28 Night of a Thousand Claws June 1998 137 ISBN: 0-590-40034-7
The reader and family go on vacation to Cat Cay, which is inhabited by strange catlike creatures. Endings include getting attacked by ghostly cats, sinking on a motorboat, turning invisible forever, a fatal fall off a rope, and suffocating in a sandstorm.
29 Invaders from the Big Screen July 1998 137 ISBN: 0-590-40289-7
The reader visits a theatre where the characters in the films come to life. The initial choice is between watching a King Kong-like monster film, a spy thriller, and a horror film.
30 You're Plant Food! September 1998 136 ISBN: 0-590-41974-9
The reader is on a school field trip to the E. Ville Creeper Botanical Gardens. In order to complete the book successfully, the reader must manage an inventory and determine the best order in which to carry out actions. One of the two main storylines is characterized by an early choice that determines whether or not the book can be completed successfully.
31 The Werewolf of Twisted Tree Lodge November 1998 137 ISBN: 0-590-46306-3
The reader wins a contest by plagiarizing a horror story and the prize is admission to a horror convention featuring famous horror writers at a place called Twisted Tree Lodge. The story the reader plagiarized, however, starts coming true at the convention. Soon, everyone is metamorphosing into werewolves.
32 It's Only a Nightmare December 1998 137 ISBN: 0-590-76785-2
The reader is staying at an inn that seems peculiar. Falling asleep, the reader has nightmares about such things as metamorphosing into a bat and other people mutating into aliens. The reader must then find a way to escape their dreams. Endings include falling asleep for seven decades (in the style of Sleeping Beauty), metamorphosing into a robot, getting sucked into a black hole, getting blown up by dynamite, and being stuck in the dream world forever.
33 It Came from the Internet! February 1999 135 ISBN: 0-590-51665-5
Another book with only one storyline, this book involves the reader installing a web crawler onto a computer that develops a virus that can come out of the computer and bite people. The reader may choose to seek help either from a strange computer-hacking teenager or from a doctor who makes strange suggestions.
34 Elevator to Nowhere March 1999 136 ISBN: 0-590-51670-1
The reader and their classmate Jamie visit her uncle Darius for ideas to complete a science project. Darius is an inventor and has recently invented a transvator which he claims can take him to other universes where everything is the same, except for one deadly difference. After Darius enters the transvator, the Darius who returns is from a universe of head-hunters, and the reader must decide whether to attempt to capture head-hunter Darius or to enter the transvator in order to find the Darius who belongs in the reader's universe. Endings include being beheaded (in various ways), having your neck broken, and being eaten by bugs.
35 Hocus-Pocus Horror April 1999 137 ISBN: 0-590-51673-6
At a magic show, the reader sneaks backstage and finds Mysterio the Magician's bag of tricks. Even though the label reads "DO NOT TOUCH!", the reader opens up the bag. Inside are a magic wand, disappearing powder, and reappearing spray. The reader's character is portrayed with more compassion than other books in the series - their main goal in the storyline is to get a dog to a safe location.
36 Ship of Ghouls May 1999 137 ISBN: 0-590-51723-6
The reader and a friend are taking a fortnight-long cruise to Japan. A fellow passenger says that people are doing experiments on the boat that are causing passengers to mutate into fishlike creatures and will blow up the ship. The reader has to choose between telling the captain about the bomb threat or jumping off in order to get away from the explosion.
37 Escape from Horror House July 1999 135 ISBN: 0-590-51682-5
This book focuses on the reader getting rid of a ghost that has haunted a house, not trying to get out of a haunted house. In most of the endings, the reader is killed by the ghost.
38 Into the Twister of Terror August 1999 133 ISBN: 0-590-51706-6
The reader is sucked into a tornado that turns out to be sentient. There are also talking animals within the tornado.
39 Scary Birthday to You September 1999 140 ISBN: 0-590-99390-9
The reader is thrown a horror-themed birthday party that is hosted by a strange entertainer. The reader must choose to either open gifts or play party games. The gifts are violent motor-powered toys, and all the "games" involve the possibility of death.
40 Zombie School November 1999 N/A ISBN: 0-590-99397-6

The reader is transferred to a boarding school in Nevada where all of the kids are very quiet.

The reader plays a prank and steals their teacher's monocle, which when worn reveals secret brainwashing messages written over all the walls. This leads to the discovery that all the students are being mind-controlled by the teachers, who are plotting to take over the world. From there, the story will either follow the reader's attempts to escape the school, or to survive the day's classes.
41 Danger Time January 2000 135 ISBN: 0-439-12186-8
The reader enters a creepy-looking clock store and attempts to help Chronos, the store owner. The storyline focuses on time travel and attempting to return to the proper time. The reader also encounter the Time Police, who attempt to track the reader down, and personifications of the star signs called the Zodiacs, who will either help or harm the reader.
42 All-Day Nightmare February 2000 137 ISBN: 0-439-13530-3
After having had horrific nightmares, the reader wakes up to discover that their surroundings are not what would be expected. The reader has amnesia and is trapped in a creepy house. Depending on whether they chooses to sneak out the window or hide in the attic, the reader will face either aliens, werewolves, or secret agents.
Special Edition
01 Into the Jaws of Doom February 1998 N/A ISBN: 0-590-39777-X
The reader is on a school trip to a museum. Lagging behind the others, the reader encounters a murderous sentient computer.
02 Return to Terror Tower May 1998 136 ISBN: 0-590-39999-3
Return to Terror Tower follows the events of A Night in Terror Tower with Sue and Eddie being the reader's friends now. They request the reader's help in reclaiming their rightful throne and overthrowing their evil king of an uncle who is ruling their village while escaping the capture of the king's knights and being sent to the executioner.
03 Trapped in the Circus of Fear August 1998 131 ISBN: 0-590-41920-X
The reader and their friend Richie do a great performance at a circus camp. As a reward, they are allowed to participate in a real circus. At the beginning of the book, the reader must choose only three items out of a list to take to the circus.
04 One Night in Payne House October 1998 135 ISBN: 0-590-43378-4
The reader and their friend Trevor are fans of a horror movie that takes place in Payne House. The two decide to spend a night there as a result of a dare. The horrific elements of the movie, however, turn out to be real. It forces the reader to choose only three items before starting their adventure, but it is also possible to collect more items in Payne House.
05 The Curse of the Cave Creatures January 1999 136 ISBN: 0-590-18734-1
The reader goes exploring in a cave, finds an animal skull, and drops it. Suddenly, a shaman appears and says that the reader has displeased the cave spirit. The reader is presented with the choice of either turning into a spellcaster or a hunter and then battling the corresponding creatures. Endings include being thrown off a cliff by a giant bird, being stuck forever in the Lost Land, accidentally stopping all time forever, and switching places with the Cave Spirit.
06 Revenge of the Body Squeezers June 1999 134 ISBN: 0-590-51674-4
In this sequel to Invasion of the Body Squeezers, Jack, the protagonist of the first book, is the reader's friend. Returning from a trip, the reader finds out about Jack's experience fending off the alien invasion and soon learns that a second invasion is coming. At one point, the reader may choose to hammer a pick-axe into Leonard Nimoy's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in an attempt to save Los Angeles from the aliens.
07 Trick or....Trapped! October 1999 135 ISBN: 0-590-99393-3
The reader is in a rich area of town going trick-or-treating. The reader's initial choice is to choose from entering one of five colored houses, all of which are in front of a mansion. If he or she survives his or her time in the chosen house, the reader will sometimes be given the chance to choose a different house, but at other times, will have to continue to the mansion. There are items to collect in some of the houses, and missing some of them may lead to a bad ending. The reader's goal is to survive his or her time in the mansion, but it is impossible to do so without entering at least one house first.
08 Weekend at Poison Lake December 1999 135 ISBN: 0-590-99652-5
This book has four almost fully distinct main storylines. The reader and their friend Nathan or their family (depending on the storyline) go on a weekend trip to Poison Lake. Some rumors have been going around that the lake is actually poisoned, and thus should not be swum in. Rather than providing the reader with a choice in order to determine which storyline is followed, this book requires the reader to pick a lucky number. The number is then employed at several points throughout the book, making the course of the story more random than voluntary.
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