Heinrich Mark facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Heinrich Mark
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| 5th Prime Minister in duties of the President | |
| In office 1 March 1990 – 6 October 1992 |
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| Preceded by | Tõnis Kint |
| Succeeded by | President Lennart Meri (in country) |
| Acting Prime Minister of Estonian Exile Government | |
| In office 8 May 1971 – 1 March 1990 |
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| Preceded by | Tõnis Kint |
| Succeeded by | Enno Penno |
| Secretary of State of Estonian Exile Government | |
| In office 1953–1971 |
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| Preceded by | Helmut Maandi |
| Succeeded by | Arved Ruusa |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 October 1911 Krootuse, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire |
| Died | 2 August 2004 (aged 92) Stockholm, Sweden |
| Nationality | Estonian |
| Spouse | Alice Vreeman |
| Alma mater | University of Tartu |
Heinrich Mark (born October 1, 1911 – died August 2, 2004) was an important Estonian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of the Estonian Government in Exile. This government worked outside Estonia when the country was under Soviet control.
Heinrich Mark was the Prime Minister acting as President of Estonia from March 1, 1990, to October 6, 1992. He was the last Estonian head of state in exile. This was because Estonia became independent again in 1991.
Early Life and Education
Heinrich Mark was one of four brothers. His brother, Aksel Mark, also became a politician. Aksel was the Estonian Minister of the Interior in exile for many years.
Heinrich Mark studied in a town called Võru. He later graduated from the Teachers' Seminar of Tartu. From 1933 to 1938, he studied law at the University of Tartu.
Career in Estonia
After finishing his studies, Mark worked as an elementary school teacher from 1938 to 1940. He then worked as a lawyer in Tartu and later in Tallinn.
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. For a short time, Mark worked as a secretary at Tartu University. However, he soon left this job. He was also briefly a candidate in elections for the Estonian parliament (called the Riigivolikogu). But he was removed from the list of candidates.
Life in Exile
As the situation in Estonia became difficult, Heinrich Mark went into hiding. In 1943, he managed to escape to Finland. There, he helped set up the Estonian Bureau. This was an organization for Estonians living outside their home country. He also helped with Malevlane, a newspaper for Estonians in the Finnish Army.
In 1944, Mark moved to Sweden. In Sweden, he continued his work for Estonians in exile. He held many important roles in the Estonian Committee. This committee helped Estonians living abroad. He was involved in education and later became the Chairman of the Estonian Committee. From 1951 to 1979, he was also the Secretary-General of the Estonian National Council.
Awards and Recognition
In 1998, Heinrich Mark received an honorary Doctor of Law degree from Tartu University. This was a special award for his achievements. He was also made an Honorary Member of the Estonian Literature Society. He received the Golden Badge of the Estonian National Foundation.
He was also given important awards from other countries. These included the I Class Gold Order of Merit from Poland. He also received the II Class Order of the National Coat of Arms from the Republic of Estonia.
See also
In Spanish: Heinrich Mark para niños
