Herbert Vaughan facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Herbert Vaughan |
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Vaughan in the 1890s
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| Church | Latin Church |
| Province | Westminster |
| Diocese | Westminster |
| Appointed | 8 April 1892 |
| Reign ended | 19 June 1903 |
| Predecessor | Henry Edward Manning |
| Successor | Francis Bourne |
| Other posts | Cardinal-Priest of Santi Andrea e Gregorio al Monte Celio |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 28 October 1854 |
| Consecration | 28 October 1872 by Henry Edward Manning |
| Created Cardinal | 16 January 1893 |
| Rank | Cardinal-priest |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Herbert Alfred Vaughan |
| Born | 15 April 1832 Gloucester, England |
| Died | 19 June 1903 (aged 71) Mill Hill, England |
| Buried | Westminster Cathedral |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Previous post | Bishop of Salford (1872–1892) |
| Signature |  |
Herbert Alfred Henry Joseph Thomas Vaughan MHM (born April 15, 1832 – died June 19, 1903) was an important English prelate in the Catholic Church. He served as the Archbishop of Westminster from 1892 until his death in 1903. He was also made a Cardinal in 1893.
Vaughan founded several important organizations. In 1866, he started St Joseph's Foreign Missionary Society, also known as the Mill Hill Missionaries. He also created the Catholic Truth Society and St. Bede's College, Manchester. As Archbishop of Westminster, he led the effort to raise money and build the famous Westminster Cathedral.
In 1871, Vaughan sent some Mill Hill priests to the United States. Their job was to help freed people after the American Civil War. In 1893, the American part of the society became its own group. It was called the Society of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. Its members are known as Josephites.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Herbert Vaughan was born in Gloucester, England. He was the oldest son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Francis Vaughan. His family, the Vaughans of Courtfield, had been recusant Catholics for a long time. This meant they kept their Catholic faith even when it was difficult in England.
His mother, Eliza Rolls, was from The Hendre in Monmouthshire. She became Catholic and was very religious. All five of Vaughan's sisters became nuns. Six of his eight brothers became priests. Two of his brothers, Roger and John, also became bishops. Roger became Archbishop of Sydney, Australia. John became a titular bishop in Salford, England. A nephew, Francis, later became Bishop of Menevia, Wales.
In 1841, Herbert began studying at Stonyhurst College. He spent six years there. After that, he studied at a Jesuit school in Brugelette, Belgium, from 1846 to 1848. Then he went to the Benedictines at Downside Abbey, near Bath.
In 1851, Vaughan went to Rome. He studied for two years at the Collegio Romano. For a time, he lived with the poet Aubrey Thomas de Vere. He became a close friend and follower of Henry Edward Manning. Manning was a Catholic convert. He later became the second Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster. This happened after the Catholic Church was re-established in Great Britain in 1850.
Career and Achievements
Vaughan became a priest in Lucca in 1854. When he returned to England, he became Vice-President of St Edmund's College. This was a main school for future priests in southern England.
Since he was a child, Vaughan had a strong desire to help with foreign missions. He convinced Cardinal Wiseman and other bishops to agree to his idea. He wanted to build a school in England to train priests for missions across the British Empire. To raise money for this, he traveled to America in 1863. He returned with £11,000, which was a lot of money back then.
In 1868, Vaughan became the owner of The Tablet, a Catholic newspaper. He believed that the Catholic press was very important in a time of new technology and widespread education.
In 1869, he successfully opened St Joseph's Foreign Missionary College in Mill Hill Park, London. That same year, a group of Catholic leaders in Baltimore, USA, asked bishops to create missions and schools for African Americans. They wrote to Vaughan, asking for priests from Mill Hill. In 1871, Vaughan led a group of priests to the US. They started a mission society to help freedmen in the Southern states.
In 1872, Vaughan became the second Bishop of Salford. He took over from Bishop William Turner. Vaughan left his role as head of St. Joseph's College. However, in 1876, he started St Bede's College. This school was meant to prepare Catholic boys from Manchester for careers in business and other professions. Vaughan chose to live at Hampton Grange, on the St. Bede's College campus. His official Bishop's residence in Salford was then used as a seminary.
In 1879, Vaughan was chosen to be a trustee for a special fund. This fund was £1,000 paid to William Habron, a farm worker. Habron had been wrongly accused of murder and later pardoned. In 1892, Vaughan became Archbishop of Westminster, taking over from Manning. In 1893, he was made a cardinal.
Vaughan was different from his predecessor, Manning. He was not as focused on social reform. However, Vaughan was more open to women having the right to vote. He was quoted saying that giving women the right to vote, like men, would be fair and good for the country. Vaughan was known for his strong presence and his deep religious faith.
In 1893, the Mill Hill mission in the US, based in Baltimore, Maryland, became independent. Vaughan approved this change. It was then called the Society of St. Joseph of the Sacred Heart. One of its founders was Charles Uncles, the first African-American Catholic priest trained in the United States.
Vaughan had a strong desire to build a proper Westminster Cathedral. He worked very hard to get donations for the project. As a result, the first stone for the cathedral was laid in 1895. When Vaughan died in 1903 at age 71, the building was complete enough for his funeral service to be held there. He was first buried at St. Joseph's College cemetery. Later, in 2005, his body was moved back to the cathedral. He was reburied in the Chapel of St Thomas of Canterbury.
Legacy
Founded Organizations
- St. Joseph Foreign Missionary College, London, United Kingdom
- St Bede's College
- St. Joseph Society of the Sacred Heart, Baltimore, MD
- Westminster Cathedral
Namesake
- In 1914, the Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School was founded in his honor. It is located in Holland Park, London.
See also
In Spanish: Herbert Vaughan para niños
- Catholic Church in Great Britain
- Bernard Vaughan, his brother
- Roger Vaughan, his brother
- John Stephen Vaughan, his brother
- Alice Ingham
