James Duff, 4th Earl Fife facts for kids

Quick facts for kids The Right Honourable The Earl Fife KT, GCH
Born	1776
Died	1857 (aged 80–81)
Nationality	British
Occupation	Military officer
Spouse(s)	Mary Caroline Manners ​ ​ (m. 1799; died 1805)​
Parent(s)	Alexander Duff, 3rd Earl Fife Mary Skene

James Duff, 4th Earl Fife (born October 6, 1776 – died March 9, 1857) was an important Scottish nobleman. He became a general in the Spanish army. He was known for his bravery and for helping Spain fight against Napoleon.

Early Life and Family

James Duff was the older son of Alexander Duff, 3rd Earl Fife. His father became the Earl Fife in 1809. James studied in Edinburgh. He was not originally planning to join the army.

In 1799, James married Mary Caroline Manners. Sadly, she passed away in 1805. They did not have any children. After this, James decided to find a new purpose.

Helping Spain

In 1808, James chose to volunteer and help Spain. Spain was fighting against Napoleon at the time. The Spanish leaders were very happy to have his help. James was full of energy and also had a lot of money to contribute. Because of his support, he was made a major-general in the Spanish army.

Brave Actions in Battle

James Duff showed great courage in battle. He fought bravely at the Battle of Talavera. During this battle, he was badly hurt while trying to help Spanish soldiers who were retreating. His friend, Major S. F. Whittingham, saved him from being captured.

In 1809, James became Viscount Macduff. This happened when his father became the Earl Fife. Even with his new title, James continued to serve in Spain. He helped defend the city of Cadiz against Marshal Victor. In 1810, he was again badly wounded during an attack on Fort Matagorda.

Returning Home

On April 17, 1811, James became the fourth Earl Fife. This was less than two years after his father had received the title. He also became the Lord Lieutenant of Banffshire. For his brave service, he was honored with the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand. This is a special award from Spain.

After his time in Spain, James returned to Britain. In 1818, he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Banffshire. The next year, he became a "lord in waiting." This was a position in the royal household.

Later Life and Contributions

In 1827, James Duff was given another important title: Baron Fife. He was also made a Knight of the Thistle. Soon after, he moved back to Scotland. He lived at Duff House in Banffshire. He was much loved by the people who lived on his land. He was very interested in farming and raising cattle. He passed away at Duff House in 1857, at the age of 80.

A Friend to José de San Martín

James Duff played a role in the journey of José de San Martin. San Martín was a Spanish captain at the time. In 1812, James Duff helped him travel to South America. José de San Martín later became a national hero. He helped Argentina, Chile, and Peru gain their freedom from Spanish rule. In 1824, General José de San Martín even visited James Duff at Duff House.

Founding Dufftown

James Duff also founded a town called Dufftown in 1817. The town was named after him. He created Dufftown to help develop his land. It also provided homes and jobs for soldiers returning from the Napoleonic War.

James Duff was succeeded by his nephew, James Duff, 5th Earl Fife. His nephew was the son of James Duff's only brother, General Sir Alexander Duff.