James Hood facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
James Hood
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Plaque commemorating Hood at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
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James Alexander Hood
November 10, 1942 Gadsden, Alabama, U.S.
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| Died | January 17, 2013 (aged 70) Gadsden, Alabama, U.S.
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| Education | Clark College University of Alabama Wayne State University Michigan State University |
| Occupation | Civil rights activist; chairman of public safety services |
| Known for | Among first African Americans to register at the University of Alabama |
James Alexander Hood (born November 10, 1942 – died January 17, 2013) was a brave African American who helped change history. He was one of the first Black students to enroll at the University of Alabama in 1963. This event became famous because Alabama Governor George Wallace tried to stop him and another student, Vivian Malone. This moment is known as the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door".
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The "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door" Event
On June 11, 1963, Governor George Wallace stood in front of the university's Foster Auditorium. He wanted to stop Black students from entering the all-white school. James Hood and Vivian Malone arrived to register for classes. They were with Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach.
Governor Wallace's Stand
Governor Wallace refused to let the students enter. He gave a speech saying that the state should control its own schools. He claimed the U.S. government was unfairly forcing its way into Alabama's affairs. He stood firm, blocking the entrance.
Federal Action and Entry
Since Wallace would not move, Deputy Attorney General Katzenbach called President John F. Kennedy. President Kennedy then ordered the Alabama National Guard to step in. This meant the Guard was now under the President's command, not the Governor's. Guardsmen escorted James Hood and Vivian Malone back to the auditorium. At their request, General Henry Graham asked Wallace to move. This time, Wallace stepped aside. Hood and Malone then entered the building, starting their journey at the university.
James Hood's Life and Legacy
James Hood left the University of Alabama after two months. However, he returned in 1995 to earn his doctorate degree. On May 17, 1997, he received his Ph.D. in interdisciplinary studies. It's interesting to note that George Wallace had planned to give Hood his degree. But Wallace was too sick to attend the ceremony. Hood believed Wallace was truly sorry for his past actions. Hood even attended Wallace's funeral in 1998. He encouraged others to forgive Wallace, just as he had.
Education and Career
Before returning to Alabama, Hood earned a bachelor's degree from Michigan's Wayne State University. He also received a master's degree from Michigan State University. He later moved to Wisconsin. There, he worked at the Madison Area Technical College for 26 years. He retired in 2002. He was the chairman of public safety services, overseeing police and fire training.
Later Years
After retiring, James Hood moved back to Gadsden, Alabama, his hometown. He passed away at home on January 17, 2013, at the age of 70. His courage and determination helped pave the way for a more equal society.
See also
