John Russell (speaker) facts for kids

John Russell (died 1437) was an important English person who owned land and helped keep the peace as a Justice of the Peace. He was chosen to be the Speaker of the House of Commons in England twice, first in 1423 and again in 1432.

Who Was John Russell?

John Russell was a significant figure in England during the 1400s. He was known as a landowner, meaning he owned a lot of property. He also served as a Justice of the Peace, which meant he helped maintain law and order in his local area. His most famous role was being the Speaker of the House of Commons. This person is like the leader of the main group of lawmakers in England.

Starting in Politics

John Russell began his political career by attending Parliament. Parliament is like a big meeting where people discuss and make laws for the country. From 1410 to 1417, he went to Parliament as a proxy for the Abbot of Gloucester. A proxy is someone who attends and votes on behalf of another person.

Later, from 1414 to 1433, John Russell was elected to the House of Commons in his own right. He represented Herefordshire as a knight of the shire.

What is a Knight of the Shire?

A knight of the shire was a representative elected by people in a county (shire) to speak for them in the House of Commons. They were usually important landowners from that area. Their job was to bring the concerns of their county to Parliament.

What is a High Sheriff?

In 1417, John Russell was given another important job: High Sheriff of Herefordshire. A High Sheriff was a royal officer in a county. They were responsible for keeping the peace, enforcing laws, and collecting taxes. It was a very powerful and respected position.

Becoming Speaker of the House

John Russell wanted to become the Speaker of the House of Commons. In 1420, he tried for the role but did not win. Another person named Roger Hunt was chosen instead. However, John Russell did not give up. In 1423, he was finally elected as the Speaker. This was a big achievement for him.

Welcoming a Young King

One of John Russell's most memorable moments as Speaker happened on November 17, 1423. He gave a special speech to welcome the young King Henry VI. King Henry VI was still a baby at the time. This was the first time the infant king appeared before both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Lords was another important group of lawmakers, made up of nobles and church leaders.

Later Years and Second Term

John Russell continued his work in politics. His leadership skills were clearly valued. In 1432, he was chosen again to be the Speaker of the House of Commons. This showed that people trusted him and thought he did a good job. He passed away in 1437.