List of tallest buildings and structures in Salford facts for kids
Anaconda Cut, at 130 m (430 ft), is the second-tallest building in Salford
This list of the tallest buildings and structures in Salford ranks buildings in the City of Salford, England, by height.
As of 2024[update], Salford has five towers completed at a height of 100 metres (330 ft) or more and a further three towers above 100 m under construction. The City of Salford is a borough of Greater Manchester, which has 32 towers either built or under construction over 100 m, the highest number of towers in any metropolitan area in the United Kingdom outside of Greater London.
Contents
History and future development
At 73 m (240 ft), Salford Cathedral was the tallest building in Salford for 118 years following its construction in 1848. However it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that the first tall building boom in Salford occurred. During this period a number of mid-rise brutalist residential buildings were constructed, predominantly in the Pendleton area of the city as a means to house significant populations affected by industrial decline. In 1966, the 80 m (260 ft) City Central tower finally overtook Salford Cathedral as the tallest building in the city.
Through the 1980s and 1990s, few significant proposals came to fruition. However, there has been a renewed interest in skyscrapers in Salford in the past two decades with a number of proposals being brought forward. Significant proposals included the 179 m (587 ft) Greengate Tower and the 160 m (520 ft) Canopus Tower A, both in the Greengate area of the city, which would have been the tallest towers in Salford and the city's first official skyscrapers if built. However due to economic factors in 2008 these towers were never constructed.
Unlike most major cities in the United Kingdom, there are no height restrictions and local planning officers generally adopt a laissez-faire attitude towards city centre high-rises in Salford. MediaCityUK in the Salford Quays area of the city has been at the forefront of development in the last 10 years with a number of mid-rise towers being completed. These include the 90 m (300 ft) Blue, MediaCityUK which became the tallest building in the city in 2010, the X1 Media City collection of four 85 m (277 ft) towers and the 82 m (269 ft) TheHeart, MediaCityUK.
Into the 2020s, Salford Quays will continue to be an important growth district for Salford with two further tower clusters emerging in Cotton Quay and in the second phase of the X1 development in MediaCityUK. The Cotton Quay development will see a collection of six towers over 50 m (160 ft) constructed including the 158 m (518 ft) Tower One skyscraper which will become the second-tallest building in Salford when completed. The second phase of the X1 development will see five towers constructed, including three over 100 m (330 ft). The tallest tower in this development will be Tower 1 which at 125 m (410 ft) is due to become the sixth-tallest building in Salford when completed. If all future plans come to fruition, then Salford Quays will contain one skyscraper over 150 m (490 ft) and five further high-rises over 100 m.
The Greengate area of Salford is the second major development area for the city. Its location close to central Manchester and relative underdevelopment over the preceding decades means that a number of significant new proposals have come forward. In 2018, the 130 m (430 ft) Anaconda Cut became the tallest building in the city and the first building in Salford to reach a height of over 100 m.
If all future plans come to fruition, then Greengate will feature two skyscrapers over 150 m and a further six high-rises over 100 m. The biggest development proposal is Waterloo Place which when completed in 2024, at 173 m (568 ft), will become the second-tallest building in Salford, sixth-tallest in Greater Manchester and sixth-tallest in the United Kingdom outside London.
Waterloo Place lies in close proximity to Anaconda Cut and will be joined by the three Greengate Park North towers, the tallest of which will reach 155 m (509 ft). With the completed 110 m (360 ft) Affinity Living Riverview, proposed 112 m (367 ft) Gorton Street Tower and the 110 m Irwell Towers, Greengate will soon have a coherent cluster of towers over 100 m alongside a number of smaller towers.
If all future proposals come to fruition, Salford could contain 100 buildings over 50 m tall as well as 14 high-rises above 100 m and four skyscrapers over 150 m. When considered with Manchester city centre, which it borders, the area will contain over 60 high-rises over 100 m, the highest in the United Kingdom outside London. If considered separately from Manchester, then at (14) Salford will contain the fourth-highest number of high-rises of any city in the United Kingdom after Greater London (over 250), Manchester (48) and Birmingham (30).
Tallest buildings and structures
This list ranks externally complete buildings and free-standing structures in Salford, Greater Manchester that stand at least 50 metres (160 ft), based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts.
An equals sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. Buildings that have been demolished are not included.
Completed
| Rank | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cortland at Colliers Yard |  |
153 (500) | 50 | 2023 | Residential | Greengate | The tallest tower in Salford and the sixth-tallest building in Greater Manchester and the United Kingdom outside London. Cortland at Colliers Yard is the largest tower in a collection of three towers in the Greengate area Salford. |
| 2 | Anaconda Cut | |
131 (428) | 44 | 2018 | Residential | Greengate | Previously the tallest building in Greengate and the sixth-tallest building in Greater Manchester.
100 Greengate (Anaconda Cut) is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. |
| 3 | Affinity Living Riverview |  |
110 (360) | 35 | 2021 | Residential | Greengate | The third-tallest building in Greengate and the 12th-tallest building in Greater Manchester as of 2023. Affinity Living Riverview is a major residential tower in the Greengate area of Salford on the banks of the River Irwell. |
| 4 | Embankment Exchange |  |
107 (349) | 35 | 2024 | Residential | Greengate | Embankment Exchange is a major residential building in the Greengate area of Salford. |
| 5 | Eda | 101 (331) | 29 | 2023 | Residential | Salford Quays | Eda in Anchorage Quay is a major development containing 290 apartments in Salford Quays. | |
| 6= | Blue, MediaCityUK |  |
90 (295) | 18 | 2010 | Office | Salford Quays | Blue, MediaCityUK is currently the joint-tallest building in Salford Quays. Blue is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. |
| Fortis Quay Tower 1 | 90 (295) | 26 | 2020 | Residential | Salford Quays | Fortis Quay Tower 1 is the tallest tower in a scheme in the heart of Salford Quays delivering over 750 apartments. The scheme includes a smaller tower and the conversion of Furness House and Custom House, two 1970s office buildings. It is the joint-tallest building in Salford Quays along with Blue, MediaCityUK. Fortis Quays includes a gymnasium for its residents, a pedestrian garden avenue, onsite concierge, car-parking facilities and a neighbourhood square. | ||
| 8 | One Greengate Block A | 88 (289) | 31 | 2016 | Residential | Greengate | One Greengate is the third-tallest development within Greengate. | |
| 9 | TheHeart, MediaCityUK | 86 (282) | 25 | 2010 | Hotel | Salford Quays | TheHeart is the third-tallest hotel in Greater Manchester, after the Hilton Hotel in the Beetham Tower and 3 St Peter's Square. Part of MediaCityUK, TheHeart is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 10= | X1 Media City Tower 1 |  |
85 (277) | 26 | 2017 | Residential | Salford Quays | The X1 Media City development is a construction of four identical residential towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester.
Two buildings currently completed, two more under construction. |
| X1 Media City Tower 2 | 85 (277) | 26 | 2019 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| 12 | City Central |  |
80 (262) | 25 | 1966 | Hotel | Greengate | Situated on the River Irwell, North Tower is a prominent building in Greengate due to its elevated position and the fourth-tallest hotel in Greater Manchester. |
| 13 | Salford Shopping Centre |  |
75 (246) | 25 | 1970 | Residential | Pendleton | Upon completion was one of the tallest buildings in Greater Manchester and remains the tallest building in the suburb of Pendleton, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Central Manchester. It was built as part of a number of residential high-rises constructed in the 1960s and 1970s as a response to high demand for social housing in the city at the time. |
| 14 | NumberOne, MediaCityUK | .JPG) |
74 (241) | 22 | 2010 | Residential | Salford Quays | NumberOne, MediaCityUK is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. |
| 15= | Salford Cathedral |  |
73 (240) | N/A | 1848 | Place Of Worship | Blackfriars | Was the tallest building in Greater Manchester upon its completion in 1848. Salford Cathedral is still a prominent building on the East Lancashire Road approaching Central Manchester. |
| Novella Tower 1 | 73 (240) | 23 | 2022 | Residential | Greengate | Novella Tower, located between Trinity Way and the River Irwell, features 211 apartments. | ||
| 17 | Outwood Wharf Tower 1 | 70 (230) | 23 | 2023 | Residential | Ordsall | Outwood Wharf Tower 1 is a significant residential development located in Ordsall close to the University of Salford. | |
| 18 | Chapel Wharf Tower 1 | 69 (226) | 23 | 2018 | Residential | Greengate | Chapel Wharf Tower 1 is a significant residential development in the Greengate area of Salford on the banks of the River Irwell. Part of a larger development consisting of four towers, Chapel Wharf development is home to 995 apartments. | |
| 19= | White, Media City | 68 (223) | 15 | 2010 | Office | Salford Quays | White, MediaCityUK is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| Wilburn Wharf Tower 1 |  |
68 (223) | 21 | 2017 | Residential | Ordsall | Located on the River Irwell in Ordsall, approaching the western gateway to Central Manchester, Wilburn Wharf is the tallest of four distinct tower blocks in Wilburn Basin. | |
| Local Crescent, The Crescent Tower 1 | 68 (223) | 21 | 2020 | Residential | Ordsall | Local Crescent Tower 1 is the tallest tower in a collection of three residential towers in Ordsall close to the University of Salford. The Local Crescent development is home to 400 apartments. | ||
| 22= | Millennium Tower | 67 (220) | 21 | 2008 | Residential | Salford Quays | Millennium Tower is a major residential development in Salford Quays. Part of MediaCityUK, Millennium Tower is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| Lightbox, Media City | 67 (220) | 19 | 2019 | Residential | Salford Quays | Lightbox and the Green Rooms are two sister residential developments and the equal seventh-tallest buildings in Salford Quays, each offering over 200 apartments. Part of MediaCityUK, they are part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | ||
| Green Rooms, Media City | 67 (220) | 19 | 2019 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| 25= | Spruce Court |  |
66 (217) | 23 | 1969 | Residential | Pendleton | Spruce Court, Thorn Court, Bronte Court, Churchill Court and Fitzwarren Court were some of the tallest towers in Greater Manchester when constructed. They were constructed in the 1960s residential tower boom as a response to large overspills of population displaced by significant economic changes caused by industrial decline. |
| Thorn Court | 66 (217) | 23 | 1969 | Residential | Pendleton | |||
| Bronte Court | 66 (217) | 23 | 1970 | Residential | Pendleton | |||
| Churchill Court | 66 (217) | 23 | 1970 | Residential | Pendleton | |||
| Fitzwarren Court | 66 (217) | 23 | 1970 | Residential | Pendleton | |||
| Sovereign Point |  |
66 (217) | 20 | 2005 | Residential | Salford Quays | Sovereign Point was the tallest building in Salford Quays at the time of its construction. Sovereign Point is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| The Filaments Tower 1 | 66 (216) | 22 | 2020 | Residential | Greengate | Gore Street Tower 1 is the tallest tower in a collection of three residential towers in the Greengate area of Salford. The Gore Street development is home to 375 apartments and 11 townhouses. | ||
| 32 | Imperial Point At The Lowry | 65 (213) | N/A | 2001 | Residential | Salford Quays | The tallest building in Salford Quays when constructed. Part of MediaCityUK, Imperial Point At The Lowry is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 33= | One Greengate Block D | 64 (210) | 21 | 2016 | Residential | Greengate | One Greengate Block D is a development within the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| The Slate Yard Tower 1 | 64 (210) | 21 | 2020 | Residential | Greengate | The Slate Yard Tower 1 is the tallest tower in a collection of three residential towers in the Greengate area of Salford. | ||
| 35 | X1 The Gateway | 62 (203) | 21 | 2020 | Residential | Salford Quays | X1 The Gateway is a modern 191 apartment residential tower in Salford Quays. The tower topped out in late 2018 however soon after construction stalled with final completion running into 2020. | |
| 36= | City Lofts |  |
61 (200) | 21 | 2007 | Residential | Salford Quays | City Lofts was the third-tallest building in Salford Quays when it was constructed. Part of MediaCityUK, City Lofts is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. |
| Eden | 61 (200) | 15 | 2023 | Office | New Bailey | Eden is a significant planned office development in the New Bailey area of Salford. | ||
| 38= | Charter House | 60 (197) | 21 | 1967 | Residential | Eccles | Currently remains the tallest building in the suburb of Eccles, 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Central Manchester. Charter House was constructed in the 1960s residential tower boom as a response to large overspills of population displaced by significant economic changes caused by industrial decline. | |
| 5 Exchange Quay | 60 (197) | 20 | 1997 | Office | Salford Quays | The tallest building in Salford Quays when constructed. Part of MediaCityUK, 5 Exchange Quay is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | ||
| The Edge (B) | .jpg) |
60 (197) | 18 | 2004 | Office / Residential | Greengate | When constructed The Edge B & C were the tallest buildings in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| The Edge (C) | 60 (197) | 18 | 2004 | Office / Residential | Greengate | |||
| Duet, Erie Basin Tower 1 | 60 (197) | 15 | 2019 | Residential | Salford Quays | The twin towers of Erie Basin are part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | ||
| Duet, Erie Basin Tower 2 | 60 (197) | 15 | 2019 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| 44= | Orange, MediaCityUK | .jpg) |
58 (190) | 9 | 2010 | Office | Salford Quays | Orange, MediaCityUK is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. |
| Fifty5ive | 58 (190) | 19 | 2022 | Residential | Greengate | Fifty5ive is a significant residential proposal. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | ||
| 46 | Affinity Living Riverside | 57 (187) | 17 | 2020 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in November 2016 with initial construction starting in July 2017, Affinity Living Riverside is the smaller tower in a major residential construction on the banks of the River Irwell in the Greengate area of Salford. Construction is currently taking place with its sister building, Affinity Living Riverview which is due to complete in 2021. | |
| 47= | Oldfield Wharf Tower 2 | 56 (184) | 18 | 2018 | Residential | Ordsall | Oldfield Wharf Tower 2 is a significant residential development located in Ordsall close to the University of Salford. The second-tallest in a collection of four towers, Oldfield Wharf Tower 2 contains over 260 apartments. | |
| Fortis Quay Tower 4 | 56 (184) | 17 | 2020 | Residential | Salford Quays | Fortis Quay Tower 2 is the second-tallest tower in a scheme in the heart of Salford Quays delivering over 750 apartments. The scheme involves the conversion of Furness House and Custom House, two 1970s office buildings. Fortis Quays includes a gymnasium for its residents, a pedestrian garden avenue, onsite concierge, car-parking facilities and a neighbourhood square. | ||
| Pavilion, Derwent Street | 56 (184) | 17 | 2023 | Residential | Ordsall | Pavilion is a significant residential development located on Regent Road in the western gateway to Central Manchester. | ||
| 50= | Peel House | 55 (180) | 16 | 1976 | University | Ordsall | When constructed in 1976, Peel House was one of the tallest buildings in Greater Manchester and remains the largest university building in Greater Manchester. Now known as the Milton Manchester Hotel. | |
| NV Building 1 |  |
55 (180) | 18 | 2004 | Residential | Salford Quays | NV buildings 1, 2 and 3 are a collection of luxury residential apartment blocks. They are part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| NV Building 2 | 55 (180) | 18 | 2004 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| NV Building 3 | 55 (180) | 18 | 2004 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| ALTO Block D | 55 (180) | 17 | 2015 | Residential | Greengate | Located in the Greengate area of Salford, ALTO Block D is the tallest building in a complex consisting of four residential buildings. | ||
| 55= | City Suites, Chapel Street | 54 (177) | 17 | 2017 | Hotel | Greengate | City Suites is a significant ApartHotel construction. It is located in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| Local Blackfriars Tower 1 | 54 (177) | 17 | 2019 | Residential | Greengate | Local Blackfriars Tower 1 is a significant residential scheme consisting of nearly 400 apartments. It is located in the Greengate area of Salford. | ||
| Affinity Living Embankment West Tower 1 | 54 (177) (Estimate) | 18 | 2021 | Residential | Greengate | Affinity Living Embankment West Towers 1 & 2 are the tallest in a collection of three sister towers in the Greengate area of Salford containing 350 apartments. | ||
| Affinity Living Embankment West Tower 2 | 54 (177) (Estimate) | 18 | 2021 | Residential | Greengate | |||
| High Definition, Broadway Square | 54 (177) | 17 | 2023 | Residential | Salford Quays | High Definition, Broadway Square is a significant residential tower. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | ||
| 60= | Chapel Wharf Tower 2 | 53 (174) | 18 | 2018 | Residential | Greengate | Chapel Wharf Tower 2 is a significant residential development in the Greengate area of Salford. Part of a larger development consisting of four towers, Chapel Wharf development is home to 995 apartments. | |
| Local Crescent, The Crescent Tower 2 | 53 (174) | 16 | 2020 | Residential | Ordsall | Local Crescent Tower 2 is the second-tallest tower in a collection of three residential towers in Ordsall close to the University of Salford. The Local Crescent development is home to 400 apartments. | ||
| Maldron Hotel, Chapel Street | 53 (174) | 16 | 2023 | Hotel | New Bailey | Maldron Hotel, Chapel Street is a significant hotel construction located in the New Bailey area of Salford. It contains 278 hotel rooms. | ||
| 63 | True Student, Discovery Quay Tower 1 | 52 (171) | 15 | 2021 | Student Accommodation | Salford Quays | True Student, Discovery Quay Tower 1 is part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 64= | 2 New Bailey Square | 51 (167) | 11 | 2021 | Office | Greengate | 2 New Bailey Square is a prominent office development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 4 New Bailey | 51 (167) | 11 | 2026 | Office | New Bailey | 4 New Bailey is a significant office development in the New Bailey area of Salford. | ||
| 66= | Nine Acre Court | 50 (164) | 18 | 1972 | Residential | Ordsall | Nine Acre Court is a residential tower constructed in Ordsall, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of Central Manchester. Nine Acre Court was fully renovated in 2013. | |
| Holiday Inn Manchester | 50 (164) | 16 | 2008 | Hotel | Salford Quays | Holiday Inn Manchester is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | ||
| Chapel Wharf Tower 3 | 50 (164) | 17 | 2018 | Residential | Greengate | Chapel Wharf Tower 3 is a significant residential development in the Greengate area of Salford. Part of a larger development consisting of four towers, Chapel Wharf development is home to 995 apartments. |
Tallest buildings and structures
Under construction
This lists buildings that are under construction in Salford, Greater Manchester and are planned to rise at least 50 metres (160 ft). Under construction buildings that have already been topped out are listed above.
| Rank | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bankside at Colliers Yard | 129 (423) | 43 | 2025 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in March 2020 with initial construction starting in March 2022, Bankside at Colliers Yard is the smallest tower in a collection of three towers. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 2 | X1 Media City II, Salford Quays Tower 1 | 127 (417) | 41 | 2026 | Residential | Salford Quays | X1 Media City II, located on Michigan Avenue, is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 3 | X1 Media City II, Salford Quays Tower 2 | 109 (358) | 35 | 2026 | Residential | Salford Quays | X1 Media City II, located on Michigan Avenue, is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 4 | X1 Media City II, Salford Quays Tower 3 | 97 (318) | 31 | 2027 | Residential | Salford Quays | X1 Media City II, located on Michigan Avenue, is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 5= | X1 Media City Tower 3 | 85 (277) | 26 | 2024 | Residential | Salford Quays | The X1 Media City development is a construction of four identical residential towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester.
Two buildings are currently completed, with two more under construction. |
|
| X1 Media City Tower 4 | 85 (277) | 26 | 2024 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| 7 | Regent Plaza Tower 1 | 81 (266) | 27 | 2026 | Residential | Ordsall | Approved in November 2016 with initial construction starting in August 2019, Regent Plaza is a major residential scheme located on Regent Road in the western gateway to Central Manchester. Regent Plaza will deliver 585 apartments over five towers. | |
| 8 | Novella, Tower 2 | 73 (240) | 23 | 2024 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in July 2019 with initial construction starting in March 2020, Stanley Street development is due to deliver three towers in the Greengate area of Salford. It will deliver 375 apartments when completed. | |
| 9 | Church Street, Eccles Tower | 69 (226) (Estimate) | 23 | 2027 | Residential | Eccles | Proposed in December 2018, Church Street Tower is a modern residential proposal that will deliver 270 apartments. It will become the second-tallest building in the western suburb of Eccles. | |
| 10 | Regent Plaza Tower 2 | 54 (177) (Estimate) | 23 | 2026 | Residential | Ordsall | Approved in November 2016 with initial construction starting in August 2019, Regent Plaza is a major residential scheme located on Regent Road in the western gateway to Central Manchester. Regent Plaza will deliver 585 apartments over five towers. |
Approved
This lists buildings that are approved for construction in Salford, Greater Manchester and are planned to rise at least 50 metres (160 ft). If approved projects do not start construction within five years of their approval date they are assumed to be no longer active and considered 'unbuilt' unless further information is available.
| Rank | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year (est.) | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One Heritage Tower | 173 (568) | 55 | 2028 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in January 2020, One Heritage Tower is a major skyscraper development. When constructed it will become the third-tallest building in Greater Manchester. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 2 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 1 | 158 (518) | 48 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in March 2020, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. When constructed, Tower 1 will become the equal sixth-tallest building in Greater Manchester. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 3 | Parkside At Colliers Yard | 126 (413) | 42 | 2026 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in March 2020, Colliers Yard Tower 2 is the second-tallest tower in a collection of three towers. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 4 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 2 | 123 (404) | 37 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in March 2020, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. When constructed, Tower 2 will become the equal 20th-tallest building in Greater Manchester. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 5 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 3 | 99 (325) | 31 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in March 2020, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 6 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 4 | 92 (302) | 27 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in March 2020, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 7 | Salford Steps, Cross Lane | 87 (285) | 29 | 2027 | Student Accommodation | Ordsall | Approved in September 2023, Salford Steps is a student tower in the Ordsall area of Central Manchester. | |
| 8= | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 5 | 80 (262) | 25 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in March 2020, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| Obsidian, Trinity Way | 80 (262) | 27 | 2028 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in February 2023, Obsidian, Trinity Way is a significant residential tower proposal in the Ordsall area of Salford. | ||
| 10 | Wavelength, Furnace Quay | 79 (259) | 27 | 2027 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in April 2017, Wavelength, Furnace Key is a significant residential development to be constructed by DeTrafford. Wavelength, Furnace Quay is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. It will deliver around 500 apartments when completed. | |
| 11 | Exchange Quay Tower 1 | 75 (246) | 23 | 2026 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in May 2016, Exchange Quay Tower 1 is a significant residential development in Salford Quays. It is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. Current status of the scheme is unclear with little to no activity since planning approval was gained. | |
| 12 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 6 | 66 (217) | 21 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in March 2020, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 13 | Ralli Quays Tower 1 | 62 (203) | 16 | 2025 | Hotel | New Bailey | Approved in January 2022, Ralli Quays Tower 1 is a significant planned development in the New Bailey area of Salford. The proposal covers two separate towers, a 16-storey 290 bed hotel and a 14-storey office tower. | |
| 14 | Ralli Quays Tower 2 | 53 (174) | 14 | 2025 | Office | New Bailey | Approved in January 2022, Ralli Quays Tower 2 is a significant planned development in the New Bailey area of Salford. The proposal covers two separate towers, a 16-storey 290 bed hotel and a 14-storey office tower. | |
| 15 | Plot C3, Media City | 52 (171) | 12 | 2027 | Office | Salford Quays | Approved in September 2022, Plot C3 Media City is a significant office scheme proposed for Salford Quays. |
Proposed
This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in Salford, Greater Manchester and are planned to rise at least 50 metres (160 ft). If proposed projects are not approved within five years of their proposal date they are assumed to be no longer active and considered 'unbuilt' unless further information is available.
| Rank | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year (est.) | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Regent Park, Ordsall Lane Tower 1 | 232 (761) | 75 | 2030 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in June 2023, Regent Park, Ordsall Lane Tower 1 will become the new tallest building in Greater Manchester and the fifth-tallest building in the United Kingdom. | |
| 2 | Gorton Street Tower, Greengate | 124 (407) | 41 | 2028 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in September 2019, Enclave, Greengate is a major co-living residential skyscraper proposal. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 3 | Middlewood Locks, Phase 4 Tower 1 | 101 (331) | 32 | 2027 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in August 2021, Middlewood Locks Phase 4 is a proposed scheme delivering four towers. | |
| 4 | Vista, Clippers Quay | 98 (321) | 30 | 2029 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in October 2021, Vista, Clippers Quay is a major residential high-rise proposal in Salford Quays. The proposal replaces the previous Vista, Clippers Quay tower proposal which was rejected in 2020. | |
| 5 | Upper Wharf Street Tower 1 | 90 (295) (Estimate) | 30 | 2027 | Residential | Castlefield | Proposed in June 2022, Upper Wharf Street Tower 1 is a major residential high-rise proposal. | |
| 6 | Middlewood Locks, Phase 4 Tower 2 | 85 (279) | 28 | 2027 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in August 2021, Middlewood Locks Phase 4 is a proposed scheme delivering four towers. This development will be part of the gradual closer connection to a continual city feel between Central Manchester and Salford Quays, linking the two most significant commercial centres of Greater Manchester. | |
| 7= | 1 Albert Street Tower | 75 (246) (Estimate) | 23 | 2026 | Residential | Eccles | Proposed in December 2019, 1 Albert Street Tower Church Street Tower will become the tallest building in the western suburb of Eccles if constructed. | |
| Soapworks, Ivy Wharf | 75 (246) (Estimate) | 25 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in September 2023, Soapworks, Ivy Wharf is a residential proposal in Salford Quays. | ||
| 9= | Fortis Quay Tower 2 | 74 (243) | 24 | 2029 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in December 2020, Fortis Quay Tower 2 is a residential tower proposal adjacent to Fortis Quay Tower 1 in Salford Quays. As part of the proposal there will be a demolition of existing buildings Furnass House and Customs House. | |
| Mariners Wharf Tower 1 | 74 (243) | 24 | 2029 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in December 2021, Mariners Wharf Tower 1 is a residential tower proposal in Salford Quays. | ||
| 11 | Mariners Wharf Tower 2 | 68 (223) | 22 | 2026 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in December 2021, Mariners Wharf Tower 2 is a residential tower proposal in Salford Quays. | |
| 12 | Fortis Quay Tower 3 | 65 (213) | 21 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in December 2020, Fortis Quay Tower 3 is a residential tower proposal adjacent to Fortis Quay Tower 1 in Salford Quays. As part of the proposal there will be a demolition of existing buildings Furnass House and Customs House. | |
| 13 | Springfield Lane Tower | 54 (177) | 18 | 2026 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in August 2022, Springfield Lane Tower is a residential tower proposal. |
Tallest buildings and structures
Unbuilt
This lists proposals for the construction of buildings in Salford, Greater Manchester that were planned to rise at least 50 metres (160 ft), for which planning permission was rejected or which were otherwise withdrawn.
| Rank | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year (est.) | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greengate Tower | 179 (587) | 62 | 2009 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in 2006, Greengate Tower was a major skyscraper proposed for the Greengate area of Salford. At the time, if built it would have been the tallest building in Greater Manchester. The project was cancelled in 2009 before construction began in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 2 | Canopus Tower A | 160 (525) | 36 | 2008 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in 2006, Canopus was a major £180m development project consisting of two towers in the Greengate area of Salford. The tallest tower would have reached 160 m (520 ft) to become one of the tallest in Greater Manchester and would have featured a luxury rooftop swimming pool. The towers were cancelled in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 3 | Canopus Tower B | 109 (358) | 31 | 2008 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in 2006, Canopus was a major £180m development project consisting of two towers in the Greengate area of Salford. The smaller tower would have reached 109 m (358 ft) to become one of the tallest in Greater Manchester. The towers were cancelled in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 4 | Vista Tower, Clippers Quay | 107 (351) | 34 | 2024 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in 2018, Vista Tower was a significant residential development proposed for Salford Quays delivering over 200 apartments. The planning application was subsequently withdrawn in 2019. | |
| 5= | Man Yoo Tower 1 | 89 (289) | 27 | 2009 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in 2007, the Man Yoo scheme was a development of four residential towers each delivering over 200 apartments in Salford Quays. The scheme was eventually cancelled due to a lack of finance in the wake of economic recession. | |
| Man Yoo Tower 2 | 89 (289) | 27 | 2009 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| Man Yoo Tower 3 | 89 (289) | 27 | 2009 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| Man Yoo Tower 4 | 89 (289) | 27 | 2009 | Residential | Salford Quays | |||
| 9 | Adelphi Street Development | 85 (279) | 27 | 2003 | Residential | Blackfriars | Proposed in 2001, the Adelphi Street Development was a significant residential development delivering over 175 apartments in the Blackfriars area of Salford. It was cancelled in 2008 due to a lack of funding. | |
| 10 | Fresh Phase 3 | 82 (269) | 26 | 2008 | Office | Ordsall | Proposed in 2006, Fresh Phase 3 was a significant office proposal on Regent Road in the western gateway to Central Manchester. The scheme was pulled in the wake of the economic recession before construction began. | |
| 11 | The Beacon Block 1 | 80 (262) | 28 | 2007 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in 2006, The Beacon Block 1 was a significant office proposal on Regent Road in the western gateway to Central Manchester. The scheme was pulled in the wake of the economic recession before construction began. | |
| 12 | Paloma Tower 1 | 79 (259) | 26 | 2008 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in 2006, Paloma Tower 1 was a significant development proposed for the Greengate area of Salford. The project was cancelled in 2008 before construction begun in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 13 | The Regent | 73 (240) | 23 | 2010 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in 2007, The Regent was a significant residential development proposed for Salford Quays. The scheme was eventually cancelled due to a lack of finance in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 14 | The Lowry Tower 3 | 70 (230) | 21 | 2010 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in 2007, The Lowry Tower 3 was a significant residential development proposed for Salford Quays. The scheme was eventually cancelled due to a lack of finance in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 15 | Clippers Quay Tower | 69 (226) | 24 | 2010 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in 2007, The Lowry Tower 3 was a significant residential development proposed for Salford Quays. The scheme was eventually cancelled due to a lack of finance in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 16 | 1 Albert Street, Eccles | 66 (217) | 22 | 2024 | Residential | Eccles | Proposed in 2019, 1 Albert Street Tower was a modern residential proposal that would have delivered 150 apartments. It would have become the second tallest building in the western suburb of Eccles. | |
| 17 | The Crescent Block 5 | 64 (210) | 20 | 2010 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in 2008, The Crescent was a significant residential scheme proposal in the Ordsall area near the University of Salford. It would have delivered over 300 apartments. The scheme was cancelled before construction began due to a lack of funds in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 18 | Derwent Street Development | 60 (197) | 20 | 2010 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in 2008, Derwent Street Development was a significant mixed use development situated in Ordsall, 1 mile south west of Central Manchester. The scheme was cancelled before construction began due to a lack of funds in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 19 | Pomona Island Block 5 | 56 (184) | 16 | 2008 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in 2006, Paloma Island Block 5 was a significant development proposed for the Greengate area of Salford. The project was cancelled in 2008 before construction begun in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 20 | The Crescent Block 8 | 54 (177) | 17 | 2010 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in 2008, The Crescent was a significant residential scheme proposal in the Ordsall area near the University of Salford. It would have delivered over 300 apartments. The scheme was cancelled before construction began due to a lack of funds in the wake of economic recession. | |
| 21 | Pomona Island Block 4 | 50 (164) | 14 | 2008 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in 2006, Paloma Island Block 4 was a significant development proposed for the Greengate area of Salford. The project was cancelled in 2008 before construction begun in the wake of economic recession. |
Demolished
This lists buildings in Salford, Greater Manchester that were at least 50 metres (164 ft) and have since been demolished.
| Rank | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year (est.) | Year Demolished (est.) | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sunnyside Court | 50 (164) | 18 | 1972 | 1998 | Residential | Ordsall | Sunnyside court was a residential building constructed in Ordsall. It was demolished in 1998 to make way for new developments. |
Tallest buildings and structures
Timeline of tallest buildings and structures
After a period after the 1960s building boom where few new significant buildings were built in Salford, Greater Manchester, the early 21st century has seen a long list of proposals meaning the skyline has been transformed in recent decades. Salford Cathedral was the tallest building in Salford for 118 years until City Central was completed in 1966. The first tower over 100 m was Anaconda Cut.
| Years Tallest | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year (est.) | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1848-1966 (118 years) | Salford Cathedral | |
73 (240) | N/A | 1848 | Place of Worship | Blackfriars | Was the tallest building in Greater Manchester upon its completion in 1848. Salford Cathedral is still a prominent building on the East Lancashire Road approaching Central Manchester. |
| 1966-2010 (44 years) | City Central | |
80 (262) | 25 | 1966 | Hotel | Greengate | Situated on the River Irwell in Central Manchester, City Central is a prominent building in Greengate due to its elevated position and the third-tallest hotel in Greater Manchester. |
| 2010-2018 (8 years) | Blue, MediaCityUK | |
90 (295) | 18 | 2010 | Office | Salford Quays | Blue, MediaCityUK is currently the tallest building in Salford Quays. Blue is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. |
| 2018–2023 (5 years) | Anaconda Cut | |
131 (428) | 44 | 2018 | Residential | Greengate | The second-tallest building in Salford and the eighth-tallest building in Greater Manchester as of 2023. 100 Greengate (Anaconda Cut) is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. |
| 2023–Present | Cortland at Colliers Yard | |
153 (500) | 50 | 2023 (topped out) | Residential | Greengate | The tallest tower in Salford and the sixth-tallest building in Greater Manchester and the United Kingdom outside London as of 2023. |
Future tallest
This lists the top 20 buildings in order of height in Salford, Greater Manchester that are either completed, under construction, approved or proposed. The imminent transformation of the Salford skyline is made clear with only five of the top 20 already constructed, with three under construction, six approved and seven proposed.
| Rank | Name | Image | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Year | Primary Use | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Regent Park, Ordsall Lane Tower 1 | 232 (761) | 75 | 2030 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in June 2023, Regent Park, Ordsall Lane Tower 1 will become the new tallest building in Greater Manchester and the fourth tallest building in the United Kingdom. | |
| 2 | Waterloo Place | 173 (568) | 55 | 2024 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in January 2020, Waterloo Place is a major skyscraper development. When constructed it will become the third tallest building in Manchester. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 3 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 1 | 158 (518) | 48 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in November 2019, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. When constructed, Tower 1 will become the equal sixth tallest building in Manchester. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 4 | Cortland at Colliers Yard | 153 (500) | 50 | 2024 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in March 2020, Cortland at Colliers Yard is the largest tower in a collection of three towers in Salford. When constructed it will become the sixth-tallest building in Greater Manchester. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 5 | Anaconda Cut | |
131 (428) | 44 | 2018 | Residential | Greengate | The tallest building in Greengate and the fifth tallest building in Manchester. 100 Greengate (Anaconda Cut) is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. |
| 6 | Plot C, Greengate | 129 (423) | 43 | 2024 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in March 2020, Plot C, Greengate is the smallest tower in a collection of three towers. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 7 | X1 Media City II, Salford Quays Tower 1 | 127 (417) | 41 | 2024 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in December 2018, X1 Media City II, located on Michigan Avenue, is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. When constructed, Tower 1 will become the twentieth tallest building in Manchester. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 8 | Colliers Yard Tower 2 | 126 (413) (Estimate) | 42 | 2024 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in March 2020, Colliers Yard Tower 2 is the second largest tower in a collection of three towers. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | |
| 9 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 2 | 123 (404) | 37 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in November 2019, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. When constructed, Tower 2 will become the equal twentieth tallest building in Manchester. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 10= | Affinity Living Riverview | 112 (368) | 35 | 2020 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in November 2016 with initial construction starting in July 2017, Affinity Living Riverview is a major residential construction in the Greengate area of Salford. When completed in 2021, it will become the 11th-tallest building in Greater Manchester. Construction is currently taking place with its sister building, Affinity Living Riverside which is due to complete in 2020. | |
| Gorton Street Tower, Greengate | 112 (367) | 36 | 2025 | Residential | Greengate | Proposed in September 2019, Gorton Street Tower, Greengate is a major co-living residential skyscraper proposal. It is a key development in the Greengate area of Salford. | ||
| 12 | Irwell Tower, The Residence |  |
110 (360) | 34 | 2023 | Residential | Greengate | Approved in September 2016 with initial construction starting in July 2017, The Irwell Tower is a major residential construction in the Greengate area of Salford. |
| 13 | X1 Media City II, Salford Quays Tower 2 | 109 (358) | 35 | 2024 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in December 2018, X1 Media City II, located on Michigan Avenue, is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 14 | Anchorage Gateway | 101 (331) | 29 | 2024 | Residential | Salford Quays | Approved in November 2019, Anchorage Gateway in Anchorage Quay is a major development in Salford Quays. Anchorage Gateway is part of MediaCityUK, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. It will deliver 290 apartments when completed. Construction started in 2021. | |
| 15 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 3 | 99 (325) | 31 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in November 2019, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 16 | Vista, Clippers Quay | 98 (321) | 30 | 2025 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in October 2021, Vista, Clippers Quay is a major residential high-rise proposal in Salford Quays. The proposal replaces the previous Vista, Clippers Quay tower proposal which was rejected in 2020. | |
| 17 | X1 Media City II, Salford Quays Tower 3 | 97 (318) | 31 | 2024 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in December 2018, X1 Media City II, located on Michigan Avenue, is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 18 | Middlewood Locks, Phase 4 Tower 1 | 96 (315) | 32 | 2025 | Residential | Ordsall | Proposed in August 2021, Middlewood Locks Phase 4 is a proposed scheme delivering four towers. This development will be part of the gradual closer connection to a continual city feel between Central Manchester and Salford Quays, linking the two most significant commercial centres of Greater Manchester. | |
| 19 | Cotton Quay, Salford Quays Tower 4 | 92 (302) | 27 | 2028 | Residential | Salford Quays | Proposed in November 2019, Cotton Quay is a major skyscraper development proposal consisting of six towers. Part of MediaCityUK, the development is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. | |
| 20= | Blue, MediaCityUK | |
90 (295) | 18 | 2010 | Office | Salford Quays | Blue, MediaCityUK is currently the joint tallest building in Salford Quays. Blue is part of Media City, the development of which is part of wider ambitious plans to transform Salford Quays into a major commerce and entertainment area of Greater Manchester. |
| Fortis Quay Tower 1 | 90 (295) | 26 | 2020 | Residential | Salford Quays | Fortis Quay Tower 1 is the tallest tower in a scheme in the heart of Salford Quays delivering over 750 apartments. The scheme includes a smaller tower and the conversion of Furness House and Custom House, two 1970s office buildings. It is the joint tallest building in Salford Quays along with Blue, Media City. Fortis Quays includes a gymnasium for its residents, a pedestrian garden avenue, onsite concierge, car-parking facilities and a neighbourhood square. |
See also
- List of tallest buildings and structures in Greater Manchester
- List of tallest buildings in the United Kingdom
- List of tallest buildings in Europe
- List of tallest buildings
All content from Kiddle encyclopedia articles (including the article images and facts) can be freely used under Attribution-ShareAlike license, unless stated otherwise. Cite this article:
List of tallest buildings and structures in Salford Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.