Penmachno Document facts for kids
The Penmachno Document was a special old paper made in Penmachno, a place in Gwynedd, Wales. It was signed on December 19, 1294, by Madog ap Llywelyn. At this time, Madog was leading a big fight against English rule in Wales.
Even though the document was mostly about giving two pieces of land to a person named Bleddyn Fychan, it is very important for another reason. It is the only paper we still have where Madog calls himself the prince of Wales. He also called himself the lord of Snowdonia. This shows that he saw himself as a powerful leader, just like earlier Welsh princes who ruled from Snowdonia.
Who Signed This Important Paper?
Many important people from North Wales signed the Penmachno Document. Some of them were related to a famous person named Ednyfed Fychan.
One of the signers was 'Tudur ab Gronw', also known as Tudur Hen. The document calls him 'our steward'. This suggests that Madog was trying to bring back the old Welsh prince's council. This council was a group that helped rule Wales before it lost its independence in 1283.
However, King Edward I of England continued his invasion of Wales. Because of this, the plans in the document quickly became unimportant. The land mentioned in the document soon went back under English control.
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