Sentimientos de la Nación facts for kids

Sentimientos de la Nación (which means "Feelings of the Nation" or "Sentiments of the Nation") was a very important document for Mexico. It was presented by José María Morelos y Pavón, a brave leader in the Mexican War of Independence. He shared this document with the National Constituent Congress in Chilpancingo on September 14, 1813.

This document had 23 key points. It showed Morelos's dream for what the future nation of Mexico should be like. It was a big step towards Mexico becoming an independent country.

What Were the Sentimientos de la Nación?

Morelos's document laid out his ideas for a new, free Mexico. These ideas covered everything from how the government should work to what rights people should have.

Mexico's Independence and Freedom

• Mexico should be completely free and independent. It should not belong to Spain or any other country.
• No foreign armies should enter Mexico. If they come to help, they must stay far from the government's main city.
• Mexican armies should not go on expeditions outside the country. They can travel inside Mexico to spread faith.
• September 16 should be a special day. It should be celebrated every year as the anniversary of Mexico's Independence.

Religion and Beliefs

• The Catholic faith should be the only religion in Mexico. No other religions would be allowed.
• Religious leaders should live on money from tithes and offerings. People would only owe them devotion and gifts.
• The rules of the Church should be set by its leaders: the Pope, bishops, and priests.
• December 12 should be a special day. It should be dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe and celebrated.

How the Government Should Work

• The power to rule comes from the people. This power should be given to a Supreme National American Congress.
• This Congress should have representatives from all parts of Mexico. Each province should send an equal number of representatives.
• The government should be split into three main parts. These are the executive (who carries out laws), legislative (who makes laws), and judicial (who judges laws) branches.
• Representatives should serve for four years. After that, new people should take their place.
• Representatives should be paid fairly for their work. But their pay should not be more than 8,000 pesos.

Rights and Fairness for Everyone

• Jobs in Mexico should only be for Mexicans.
• Foreigners should not be allowed to live in Mexico. The only exception is if they are skilled workers who can share their knowledge. They must also be trustworthy.
• A fair government should replace the old, unfair rule. All Spaniards should leave Mexico.
• Laws should encourage people to love their country and work hard. They should also help reduce too much wealth and laziness. Most importantly, laws should improve the lives and education of poor people.
• Laws must apply to everyone equally. No one should have special privileges.
• Laws should be written and discussed by as many wise people as possible.
• Slavery should be forbidden forever. There should be no differences between people based on their background. Everyone is equal. Only good actions or bad actions make one Mexican different from another.
• People's homes and property should be safe. No one should be able to take them unfairly.
• Torture should never be allowed.
• People should no longer have to pay tributes (special taxes). Instead, there should be a small tax of 5% or a similar low amount.
• Some of Mexico's ports should be open for friendly foreign ships. These ships would pay a 10% tax on their goods.

See also

In Spanish: Sentimientos de la Nación para niños

• Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America
• History of democracy in Mexico
• Constitutional Elements