Svyatoslav Fyodorov facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Svyatoslav Fyodorov
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Fyodorov in 1992
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| Born | August 8, 1927 Proskurov, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
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| Died | June 2, 2000 (aged 72) Moscow, Russia
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| Education | Rostov Medical Institute |
| Known for | Creating radial keratotomy, scleroplasty and intraocular lens replacement |
| Medical career | |
| Profession | Surgeon and politician |
| Institutions | Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex |
| Sub-specialties | Ophthalmology, eye surgery |
| Awards | Lomonosov Gold Medal (1986) |
Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fyodorov (Russian: Святослав Николаевич Фёдоров; August 8, 1927 – June 2, 2000) was a famous Russian eye doctor, also known as an ophthalmologist. He was also a professor and a member of important science academies in Russia. Many people see him as a pioneer, meaning he was one of the first to do new things in refractive surgery, which is surgery to fix vision problems. Besides his medical work, he was also a politician and ran for president in Russia in 1996.
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Early Life and Medical Career
Fyodorov was born in a place called Proskurov, which is now Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine. He studied medicine at the Rostov Medical Institute. After finishing his studies, he started working as an eye doctor in a small town in Russia.
Pioneering Cataract Surgery
In the 1960s, Fyodorov learned about the amazing work of a British eye surgeon named Sir Harold Ridley. Ridley had invented the intraocular lens (IOL). This is a tiny, artificial lens that can be placed inside the eye.
Fyodorov started using these special lenses to treat cataracts. A cataract is when the natural lens inside your eye becomes cloudy, making it hard to see clearly. At first, he used lenses made by a company in England. But soon, he arranged for these lenses to be made right there in the Soviet Union.
Advancements in Vision Correction
In the 1970s, Fyodorov developed a new surgical method that he became very famous for. It was called radial keratotomy. This surgery helps to change the shape of the cornea, which is the clear front part of your eye. It was used to fix myopia, also known as nearsightedness, where distant objects look blurry.
In 1980, he became the head of a major eye surgery research center in Moscow. Later, in 1988, he founded his own special eye clinic called the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex. This clinic became a very important place for eye surgery and research.
Fyodorov's Political Ideas
Fyodorov was not just a doctor; he also had strong ideas about how his country should be run. In the 1980s and early 1990s, he spoke out against the one-party system in the Soviet Union, even though he was a member of the ruling Communist Party.
He believed that the government should sell state-owned businesses to private citizens. This idea is called denationalization. He thought that if more people owned businesses, the country's economy would become much stronger.
In 1991, he was even offered the job of Russia's prime minister, but he turned it down. He believed that if people owned parts of businesses, like through "people's enterprises" or joint-stock companies, Russia could become a very rich and powerful country. He thought this could happen within one generation.
In 1995, Fyodorov was elected to the Russian parliament, called the State Duma. He was the leader of his own small political party. He wanted farmers to own their farms, workers to own factories, and doctors to own clinics. He also believed in simple and fair taxes.
Running for President
In 1996, Svyatoslav Fyodorov ran for president of Russia. His main idea was to create "democratic capitalism" or "popular socialism." This meant he wanted to make sure workers had a share of the profits from their companies and could help manage them.
He promised that his plans would make Russia's economy, measured by its GDP, twice as big in just five years. He wanted more economic freedom, simple taxes, and to encourage more production in the country.
Death
Svyatoslav Fyodorov died in 2000. He was returning from a medical conference when the four-seater helicopter belonging to his clinic crashed near Moscow.
See also
- Harold Ridley (ophthalmologist)
- David J. Apple
