Takeoff Facts for Kids

An F/A-18 Hornet jet takes off from an aircraft carrier.

Takeoff is when an aircraft leaves the ground and starts flying. It's the exciting moment a plane, helicopter, or even a hot air balloon lifts into the air. Usually, planes need a long, flat area called a runway to gain enough speed.

But not all aircraft need a runway! Balloons, helicopters, and special planes like the Harrier Jump Jet can take off straight up. Takeoff is the opposite of landing, which is when an aircraft comes back down to the ground.

How Aircraft Take Off
- Planes and Runways
- Vertical Takeoff Aircraft
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How Aircraft Take Off

Takeoff is a very important part of any flight. It needs careful planning and powerful engines. Different types of aircraft use different methods to get into the air.

Planes and Runways

Most airplanes need a runway to take off. Here's how it generally works:

The plane starts at one end of the runway.
The pilot increases the engine power to full.
The plane quickly speeds up, rolling along the runway.
As it gains speed, air flows over the wings, creating lift.
When enough lift is created, the plane's nose lifts, and it rises into the sky.
After takeoff, the pilot pulls the landing gear (wheels) up into the plane. This makes the plane more aerodynamic for flying.

Vertical Takeoff Aircraft

Some amazing aircraft can take off without a runway. These are called VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and Landing) aircraft.

Helicopters: They use large spinning blades (rotors) to push air downwards. This creates lift and allows them to go straight up.
Harrier Jump Jet: This special jet can change the direction of its engine thrust. It points its engines downwards to lift straight off the ground. Once in the air, it points the engines backward to fly forward.
Hot Air Balloons: These gentle giants use hot air to become lighter than the surrounding cool air. This makes them float upwards slowly and gracefully.