Unitary state facts for kids

A unitary state is a type of state where the main power is held by a central government. This central government makes most of the important decisions for the whole country. Think of it like a single team captain making all the big calls for the entire team.

This is different from a federal state, where power is shared between a central government and smaller local governments, like states or provinces. In a federal system, these local areas often have the power to make some of their own laws. But in a unitary state, the central government usually has the final say on everything.

What is a Unitary State?

In a unitary state, the government is set up so that all its main parts – the people who make laws (legislature), the people who carry out laws (executive), and the courts (judiciary) – are controlled by one central authority. This means that laws are usually the same across the entire country.

For example, if the central government decides on a new education policy, it applies to all schools everywhere in that country. Local areas might have some small powers, but these powers are given to them by the central government and can be taken away.

Unitary vs. Federal States

To understand a unitary state better, let's compare it to a federal state:

• Unitary State:

* Most power is with the central government. * Laws are generally the same everywhere. * Local governments get their power from the central government. * Examples: France, Japan, United Kingdom.

• Federal State:

* Power is shared between the central government and local governments (like states or provinces). * Local governments can make some of their own laws. * Local governments often have their own constitutions or rules. * Examples: United States, Canada, Germany.

Imagine building a house. In a unitary state, one main architect designs everything, and all builders follow that single plan exactly. In a federal state, the main architect designs the overall structure, but different room designers (local governments) can choose their own colors, furniture, and small details for their specific rooms.

Examples of Unitary States

Many countries around the world are unitary states. Here are a few examples:

• France: The government in Paris makes laws that apply to all parts of France.
• Japan: The national government in Tokyo has strong control over local prefectures.
• United Kingdom: The Parliament in London is the supreme law-making body, even though areas like Scotland and Wales have some devolved powers. These powers were granted by the central government and can be changed.
• China: The central government in Beijing holds significant power over its provinces.

These countries believe that having one strong central government helps keep the country unified and makes it easier to make decisions quickly.

Images for kids

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  The pathway of regional integration or separation

See also

In Spanish: Estado unitario para niños