Abbas II facts for kids

Abbas II (born July 14, 1874 – died December 19, 1944) was the last Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. He ruled from 1892 to 1914. A Khedive was a title for a ruler, similar to a viceroy, who governed Egypt and Sudan under the Ottoman Empire. However, during Abbas II's time, Egypt was largely controlled by the United Kingdom.

Who Was Abbas II?

Abbas II was born in Cairo, Egypt. His full name was Abbas Hilmi Pasha. He became Khedive when he was just 17 years old, after his father, Tewfik Pasha, passed away.

Ruling Under British Influence

Even though Abbas II was the official ruler, the British had a lot of power in Egypt. They had occupied Egypt in 1882, and they controlled many important decisions. This meant Abbas II often had to follow the wishes of the British government. He tried to gain more independence for Egypt, but it was very difficult.

Efforts for Egyptian Control

Abbas II wanted to have more say in how Egypt was run. He often disagreed with the British officials who were in charge. He tried to appoint his own ministers and make decisions that he believed were best for his country. However, the British usually found ways to make sure their own plans were followed.

World War I and Removal from Power

A major turning point for Abbas II came with the start of World War I in 1914. This global conflict involved many powerful countries.

The Ottoman Empire and Germany

During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (which Egypt was still officially part of) sided with Germany. They were fighting against countries like Great Britain and France. Abbas II showed support for the Ottoman Empire.

British Response

Because Abbas II supported the Ottoman Empire, which was an enemy of Britain, the British decided to remove him from power. They declared that Egypt was no longer under the Ottoman Empire but was now a British protectorate. This meant Britain would directly control Egypt. Abbas II was replaced by his uncle, Hussein Kamel.

Later Life

After being removed from power, Abbas II lived in exile, mostly in Switzerland. He never returned to rule Egypt. He passed away in 1944. His time as Khedive marked a period when Egypt was trying to find its own path while under strong foreign influence.

See also

In Spanish: Abbas II para niños