Alfred (Arne opera) facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Alfred |
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| by Thomas Arne | |
1778 portrait of the composer
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| Librettist | |
| Based on | Life of Alfred the Great |
| Premiere | 1 August 1740: Cliveden |
Alfred is a special kind of musical play, or opera, with music by Thomas Arne. It tells the story of Alfred the Great, a famous English king. This work is most famous for its exciting ending song, "Rule, Britannia!", which you might have heard before!
It was first performed a long time ago, on August 1, 1740. It wasn't a full opera back then, but a "masque." A masque was a type of show with music, dancing, and costumes, often performed for important people. This first show happened at Cliveden, a country home belonging to Frederick, Prince of Wales. It was a special event to celebrate the birthday of Princess Augusta of Great Britain.
Thomas Arne later changed Alfred into a longer musical story called an oratorio in 1745. An oratorio is like an opera but usually performed without costumes or stage action. Then, in 1753, he made it into a full opera.
How Alfred Started
Frederick, Prince of Wales wanted to show how proud he was to be British. He didn't get along well with his father, King George II. So, he often supported British artists and stories.
The masque Alfred was perfect for him. It combined exciting stories of heroes with strong British pride. It was first shown at Frederick's home, Cliveden, on August 1, 1740. This date was special because it marked the day his grandfather, George I, became king. It was also Princess Augusta's birthday.
The first version of Alfred was quite short. It had only eight songs and an opening piece. But one of those songs was the very famous "Rule, Britannia!". Arne later made the work much longer. The version printed in 1753 had 27 musical parts!
Who Are the Characters?
Here are the main characters in Alfred and the types of voices that sing their parts:
| Roles | Voice type | Premiere cast, 1 August 1740 Conductor: Thomas Arne |
|---|---|---|
| Alfred | tenor | Thomas Lowe |
| Emma/Venus | soprano | Kitty Clive |
| Spirit/Pallas/Paris | mezzo-soprano | Susannah Maria Cibber |
| Bard/Mercury | bass |
The Story of Alfred
The story of Alfred takes place in the year 878. King Alfred has just lost a battle against the Vikings. He has to hide on the Isle of Athelney. He finds shelter in the small hut of a shepherd named Corin and his wife, Emma. They don't know who this mysterious stranger is.
Alfred is very sad about the state of his kingdom. He prays for help for Britannia. Soon, his wife Eltruda and his son Edward arrive. They are so happy to find him alive! Corin and Emma still don't realize their guests are royalty.
Later, Edward brings exciting news. Twelve hundred loyal Britons are camped nearby, ready to fight for Alfred! At this point, Corin and Emma finally understand who their guests are. Alfred leaves to lead his people into battle.
When news of Alfred's victory arrives, everyone celebrates. Edward praises the return of British strength and values. Alfred tells his people, "Britons, proceed, the subject deep command, awe with your navies ev'ry hostile land." This means he wants them to rule the seas and protect their country. In response, everyone sings the powerful song "Rule, Britannia!" to honor Great Britain.
Hearing Alfred Today
You can still listen to Alfred today! Here are some recordings:
- Thomas Arne's Alfred – Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, Nicholas Kreamer (conductor), 1997. BBC Music Vol.V No. 10
- Thomas Arne: Alfred – Philarmonia Baroque Orchestra and Chorale, Nicholas McGegan (conductor), 1999. Deutsche Harmonia Mundi
