Dendrite facts for kids
Dendrites are like tiny branches that grow out from a special type of cell called a neuron. Think of them as antennas that pick up messages from other neurons. These messages, or signals, then travel into the main part of the neuron, which is called the soma (or cell body).
A single neuron can have many dendrites, sometimes hundreds! But it usually has only one long branch called an axon. The dendrites bring signals into the soma, while the axon sends a single signal away from the soma to the next neuron or even to a muscle fiber.
Contents
How Neurons Talk to Each Other
Neurons don't actually touch each other. There's a tiny space between them called a synapse. This is where a dendrite from one neuron meets an axon from another.
Sending Messages Across the Gap
When an electrical signal reaches the end of an axon, it causes tiny chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to be released. These chemicals float across the synapse and attach to the dendrite of the next neuron.
When neurotransmitters land on a dendrite, they cause tiny charged particles called ions to move into or out of the dendrite. This movement of ions creates a small electrical current inside the dendrite. This current quickly spreads to the soma and then fades away.
Creating a Strong Signal
If a dendrite receives many signals from different axons at the same time, it can create a much stronger electrical current. This strong current can trigger a powerful electrical signal called an action potential. This action potential then rushes down the neuron's axon to the next synapse, continuing the message.
Neurons and Growth
Most neurons, once they are fully grown, do not divide or make new copies of themselves. They are usually with you for your whole life! However, scientists have found that some special cells in the adult brain, called stem cells, can sometimes create new neurons. This means our brains can keep growing and changing throughout our lives.
Images for kids
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The neuron has dendrites that receive information, a cell body (soma), and an axon that sends information. Schwann cells help signals move faster along the axon. Synapses allow neurons to activate other neurons.
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The green arrow points to the dendrites growing from the soma.
See also
In Spanish: Dendrita para niños
