Hereditary peer facts for kids

The hereditary peers are a special group of people in the United Kingdom who have titles that they inherit from their parents. These titles are part of what's called the peerage. Think of it like a family tradition where a special rank or title is passed down through generations.

As of 2020, there were 814 hereditary peers. They hold different ranks, like:

• 31 Dukes (including 7 royal dukes, who are members of the Royal Family)
• 34 Marquesses
• 193 Earls
• 112 Viscounts
• 444 Barons

These titles often come with a long history and are a unique part of British tradition.

Hereditary Peers and Parliament

For a long time, most hereditary peers had the right to sit and vote in the House of Lords, which is part of the UK Parliament. This was true from 1963 until 1999.

Changes to the House of Lords

However, things changed with the House of Lords Act 1999. This law greatly reduced the number of hereditary peers who could sit in the House of Lords. Now, only 92 hereditary peers are allowed to be members. The only exception is if they also hold a "life peerage," which is a title given for life that cannot be inherited.

When a peer is called to join the House of Lords, they receive a special invitation called a writ of summons. This is an official document that tells them they can take their seat in Parliament.

What is a Writ of Summons?

A writ of summons is a formal document. It is sent by the King or Queen. It tells a peer that they are required to attend the House of Lords. It's like an official invitation to join the discussions and make laws.

Famous Hereditary Peers

Many hereditary peers are well-known figures. Some have played important roles in history. Others are famous today for their work in different fields.

For example, John Churchill was the first Duke of Marlborough. He was a famous military commander. His title was passed down through his family.

Another example is Harold Macmillan. He was a former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. In 1984, he was given a hereditary peerage. He became the Earl of Stockton. This was the last time a non-royal person received such a title.

Matt Ridley is a modern example. He is a science writer and journalist. He holds the title of Viscount Ridley. Many peers are also associated with grand family homes. These include places like Hatfield House. Many of these historic estates are now open to the public.

Images for kids

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  The House of Lords (old chamber, burned down in 1834) as drawn by Augustus Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson for Ackermann's Microcosm of London (1808–1811).

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  Letters patent granting the Dukedom of Marlborough to Sir John Churchill were later amended by Parliament.

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  In 1984 Harold Macmillan, a former prime minister, was the last non-royal recipient of a hereditary peerage, the Earldom of Stockton.

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  Matt Ridley, science writer and conservative journalist, is the Viscount Ridley.

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  Many hereditary peers are associated with famous estates such as Hatfield House; many notable estates are open to the public.