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Humban Haltash III
("Ummanaldash")
ruler of Elam
King Ummanaldash captured by the Assyrians.jpg
Ummanaldash, King of Elam, being arrested by Assyrian troops, circa 645-640 BCE.
Reign 650 BC – 647 BC
Predecessor Tammaritu II
Successor Ashurbanipal
Died 647 BC
Shush, Iran
House Elamite

Humban-haltash III, also known as Umanaldash, was the very last important ruler of an ancient kingdom called Elam. He ruled a long time ago, from about 650 BC to 647 BC. His kingdom was located in what is now southwestern Iran. Sadly, he was defeated and captured by a powerful Assyrian king named Ashurbanipal. This event marked the end of Elam as a major power.

Reign of Humban-haltash III

Humban-haltash III became king in 650 BC. He was part of the Humban-Tahrid family, which ruled Elam for many years. This period is often called the "Neo-Elamite" era.

Conflict with Assyria

During Humban-haltash's time as king, the mighty Assyrian Empire was a big threat. The Assyrians were a powerful group from Mesopotamia. They often attacked neighboring lands. The Assyrians invaded Elam and took control of a city called Madektu. This made it easier for them to reach the Karkheh river, which was important for Elam.

The Fall of Elam

In 647 BC, the capital city of Elam, Susa, fell during the Battle of Susa. King Ashurbanipal of Assyria captured Humban-haltash. Ashurbanipal later wrote about his victory. He described how he conquered Susa, which was a very important religious city for the Elamites. He took treasures from its palaces and destroyed temples. He even removed the bones of Elamite kings from their tombs. Ashurbanipal also said he spread salt on the lands of Elam, which was a way to show complete destruction.

After his capture, Humban-haltash was taken to the Assyrian capital. Carvings in Ashurbanipal's palace show Humban-haltash serving food at an Assyrian celebration. This was meant to show how completely defeated the Elamite king was. What happened to Humban-haltash after this is not fully clear.

Gallery

  • Relief depicting the destruction of Hamanu of Elam by Ashurbanipal, 645-640 BC, North Palace, Nineveh, Exhibition- I am Ashurbanipal king of the world, king of Assyria, British Museum

    This relief shows Ashurbanipal's successful attack on Elam. Flames rise from the city as Assyrian soldiers destroy it and take its treasures. This is at the British Museum.

  • The capture of Ummanaldash, North Palace, Nineveh, 645-640 BCE

    This image shows the capture of Ummanaldash, King of Elam, by the Assyrians.

  • King Ummanaldash of Elam being taken to Nineveh by the Assyrians 645-640 BCE

    Ummanaldash, King of Elam, being taken to Nineveh by the Assyrians.

  • Humiliation of the Elamite King at the court of Ashurbanipal

    The Elamite King was made to serve food at Ashurbanipal's court. An inscription says the kings of Elam were forced to prepare and bring their own royal meal.

See also

  • Elam
  • List of rulers of Elam
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