Madeleine Pelletier facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Madeleine Pelletier
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Madeleine Pelletier dressed like a man to distance herself from femininity, a concept that she saw as a sign of the oppression of women
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Anne Pelletier
18 May 1874 Paris, France
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| Died | 29 December 1939 (aged 65) Perray-Vaucluse asylum near Paris, France
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| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | University of Paris Faculty of Medicine |
| Known for | Women's rights |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physician, psychiatrist |
Madeleine Pelletier (1874–1939) was a French psychiatrist, first-wave feminist, and political activist. Born in Paris, Pelletier frequented socialist and anarchist groups in her adolescence. She became a doctor in her twenties, overcoming a large educational gap, and was France's first woman to receive a doctorate in psychiatry. Pelletier joined freemasonry, the French Section of the Workers' International, and came to lead a feminist association. She set out to join the October Revolution but returned disillusioned. In France, she continued to advocate for feminist and communist causes, and wrote numerous articles, essays, and literary works, even following a stroke in 1937 which made her hemiplegic. She was placed in a mental asylum where her health deteriorated and she died of a second stroke later that year.
Biography
Pelletier originally trained as an anthropologist studying the relationship between skull size and intelligence after Paul Broca with Charles Letourneau and Léonce Manouvrier. When she left anthropology she attacked the concept of skull size as a determinant of intelligence distinguishing the sexes.
Following her break with anthropology Pelletier went on to become a psychiatrist. In 1903, Pelletier conducted a campaign with the support of the feminist newspaper La Fronde to support the eligibility of women for all types of medical specialisation, most relevantly to the examination for psychiatric internships.
She was also notable as a female Freemason. Pelletier was a member of the La Nouvelle Jérusalem lodge, becoming a member in 1904. The lodge had both male and female members, and, although politically active, she was often at odds with her lodge in her efforts to promote the emancipation of women.
Pelletier was partially paralyzed by a stroke in 1937. She was arrested in 1939. Following her arrest she was interned in an asylum and her physical and mental health deteriorated. She died within the year.
See also
In Spanish: Madeleine Pelletier para niños
