Menstruation facts for kids

Menstruation is also known as a period. It is a natural process that happens in the bodies of girls and women. During a period, a small amount of blood and tissue leaves the body through the vagina. This happens about once a month.

A period is a sign that a body is healthy and can have a baby in the future. It means that a pregnancy has not happened.

The first period usually starts when a girl is between 12 and 15 years old. Sometimes, it can start as early as 8 years old, which is also normal. This first period is called menarche.

What is a Menstrual Cycle?

A period is part of a bigger process called the menstrual cycle. This cycle is controlled by special chemicals in the body called hormones. These hormones rise and fall, preparing the body for a possible pregnancy each month.

If a pregnancy does not happen, the lining of the uterus (womb) is no longer needed. This lining, which is made of blood and soft tissue, then leaves the body. This is what a period is.

How Long Does a Period Last?

For young women, the time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is usually 21 to 45 days. For adults, this time is often between 21 and 31 days. The average cycle is 28 days long.

The bleeding part of a period usually lasts for about 2 to 7 days.

When Periods Stop

Periods stop during pregnancy. They also often do not start again for a few months after a baby is born, especially if a mother is breastfeeding.

Periods will eventually stop for good when a woman gets older. This is called menopause. Menopause usually happens when a woman is between 45 and 55 years old. After menopause, a woman can no longer become pregnant.

What if Periods Don't Happen?

Sometimes, periods do not start by age 15, or they stop for more than 90 days. This is called amenorrhea. If this happens, it's a good idea to talk to a doctor or a trusted adult.

Managing Your Period

1. If it's your first period, don't panic. This is a normal and healthy thing that happens to every girl. You haven't done anything wrong.
2. Find an adult you trust. Go to your mom, an older sister, an aunt, your grandma, a school nurse, or a teacher you feel comfortable with. "I think I got my period," or "I need some help with something private." They will understand and help you.
3. You will need a pad to catch the blood. It sticks to the inside of your underwear. Change your pad every 4-6 hours, or more often if it feels full or uncomfortable. You can wrap your used pad in toilet paper and put it in the trash. Don't flush it down the toilet.
4. Keep a "period kit" in your backpack: a couple of pads and a clean pair of underwear. Knowing you're prepared will make you feel strong and confident.

Taking Care of Yourself

You might feel some cramps (a tight or achy feeling in your lower belly). A warm water bottle or heating pad on your tummy can help. Gentle movement, like walking, can also help. It's okay to rest if you feel tired. Drink water to stay hydrated and eat healthy foods.

See also

In Spanish: Menstruación para niños